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BIO 175-10 LAB & LEC > Epithelium, Membranes & Fascia > Flashcards

Epithelium, Membranes & Fascia Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

tissues

A

group of cells that are similar in structure that perform a common or related function

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2
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

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3
Q

what are the primary tissues?

A
  1. epithelial tissue
  2. connective tissue
  3. muscle tissue
  4. nerve tissue
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4
Q

epithelial tissue

A

covering of the body

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5
Q

connective tissue

A

supports body structure

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6
Q

muscle tissue

A

provides and produces body movement

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7
Q

nerve tissue

A

controlling of the body

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8
Q

what are the five characteristics of epithelial tissues?

A
  1. polarity
  2. specialized contacts
  3. supported by connective tissues
  4. avascular; but innervated
  5. can regenerate
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9
Q

what are the epithelial tissue functions?

A
  • protection
  • absorption
  • filtration
  • excretion
  • secretion
  • sensory reception
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10
Q

polarity

A
  • apical surface: exposed to exterior or cavity–microvilli & cilia
  • basal surface: lower and attached—noncellular basal lamina, like a selective filter, and helps in wound repair by scaffolding
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11
Q

specialized contacts

A

these are specific coverings and linings that cover epithelial tissues –fit closely together

  • help bind adjacent cells through tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions
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12
Q

connective tissue support

A
  • reticular lamina & basal lamina (made of connective fibers) –deep to basal lamina
  • basement membrane (BM): reinforces epithelial sheets and resists stretching and tearing
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13
Q

avascular but innervated

A

the epithelial tissue has no blood vessels!
- typically nourished by diffusion from underlying connective tissue
- supplied by nerve fibers

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14
Q

regeneration

A
  • epithelial tissue has a high regenerative capacity
  • with enough nutrients - can regenerate
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15
Q

how do we classify epithelia by the number of their cell layers?

A

simple - one single layer of cells
stratified - multiple layers of cells
pseudostratified - fake cell layers; only single later

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16
Q

how do we classify the shape of epithelial cells?

A
  • squamous - scale-like cells, flattened nucleus
  • cuboidal - cube-like shape, round-like nucleus
  • columnar - column-shape, elongated nucleus
17
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A
  • SINGLE layer of FLATTENED squamous cells
  • allows material to pass through diffusion and filtration
  • can be found in kidney glomeruli, alveoli of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels
18
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A
  • SINGLE layer of CUBELIKE cells
  • secretes and absorbs material
  • can be found in kidney tubules, ducts, and small glands + ovary surfaces
19
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A
  • SINGLE layer of TALL COLUMN-LIKE cells; can bear cilia and have mucus cells/goblet cells
  • helps in the absorption and secretion of mucus or enzymes
  • located in various spaces:
  • lines ducts of many exocrine glands
  • NONCILIATED: the lining of the digestive tracts
  • CILIATED: can be found within the bronchi, uterine tubes, some regions of the uterus
20
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A
  • SINGLE layer of DIFFERING heights; can also have goblet cells & cilia
  • secretes substances (mucus); movement of mucus
  • can be found in various places:
  • NONCILIATED: male’s sperm carrying ducts/large gland ducts
  • CILIATED: the lining of the trachea, upper respiratory tract
21
Q

stratified squamous epithelium

A
  • MULTIPLE layers of cells [BASAL CELLS - CUBOIDAL CELLS/COLUMNAR CELLS]
    [SURFACE CELLS - SQUAMOUS]
    *remember keratinized type - these surface cells are dead and full of keratin
  • protects underlying tissues
  • can be found in various locations:
  • NONKERATINIZED: moist linings of esophagus, mouth, and vagina
  • KERATINIZED: epidermis of the skin
22
Q

stratified columnar epithelium

A
  • MULTIPLE layers of COLUMNAR (superficial) & CUBOIDAL (basal)
  • helps with protection and secretion
  • found around the male urethra and large ducts of some glands (typically rare)
23
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelium

A
  • MULTIPLE layers of CUBOIDAL cells
  • also typically rare similar to stratified columnar epithelium
  • helps in structural reinforcement
  • typically found in sweat and mammary glands
24
Q

transitional epithelium

A
  • MULTIPLE layer of cells - cell shape varies depending on the function of the organ
  • has the ability to change shape and stretch
  • located within the urinary bladder, ureters, the superior urethra and prostate gland ducts
25
Q

glandular epithelia

A
  • one or more cells that make and secretes an aqueous fluid - secretion
  • classified by site of product release - endocrine and exocrine
26
Q

endocrine glands

A
  • ductless glands; internal secretion
  • directly secrete into the lymph or blood themselves to target specific organs
  • secretes through exocytosis
27
Q

exocrine glands

A
  • secretions are released onto the actual body surface (skin) + body cavities
  • external secretion
  • secretes products into ducts
  • examples: sweat, oil, salivary glands etc.
28
Q

unicellular exocrine glands

A
  • mucous cells and goblet cells
  • produces mucin–which when dissolved forms mucus
  • acts as a slimy protective, lubricating coating
  • can be found in epithelial linings - respiratory and intestinal
29
Q

how do you classify the structure of exocrine multicellular glands?

A
  • structure: simple (unbranched) or compound (branched) ducts
  • cells - tubular, alveolar, or tubuloalveolar
30
Q

what are the secretions of multicellular exocrine glands?

A
  • merocrine: secretes products through exocytosis
    [example: eccrine - sweat glands]
  • holocrine: gathers products within then ruptures
    [sebaceous and meibomian glands]
  • apocrine: develops within armpits and groin - empties into the hair follicle just before it opens onto the skin surface

BIO 175-10 LAB & LEC (14 decks)

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