Epithelial Tissue Study Flashcards
Name the four major tissue types
Epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle tissues
What are the first classifications of Epithelia?
The classification by cell arrangement are simple epithelium and stratified epithelium.
What is simple epithelium?
Simple = one layer of cells
What is stratified epithelium?
Stratified = more than one cell layer
What are the second classifications for epithelia?
- Squamous (fish scale shape)
- Cuboidal (cube shaped)
-Columnar (column)
What is simple squamous epithelium?
Single layer of thin squamous cells resting on the basement membrane (fit together like floor tiles)
What do simple squamous epithelium form?
- Form serous membranes
- Forms the walls of the capillaries
- Is in the air saces of the lungs
What are simple cuboidal epithelium?
One layer of cuboidal cells on a basement membrane, found in glands and ducts
+ forms walls of kidney tubules
What are simple columnar epithelium?
Made up of single layer of tall cells that fit closely together and whose nuclear appear in a straight line
- Goblet cells are often seen here
What are epithelial membranes that line body cavities to the body exterior called?
Mucosae or mucous membranes
What are pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
Cells that essentially have combination of longer & shorter cells = gives a false impression
What is the transitional epithelium?
Highly modified stratified squamous - forms the lining of urinary bladder, ureters and urethra.
- All organs are subject to considerate stretching
What does the term secretion mean?
Secretion indicates an active process in which the glandular cells obtain needed materials from the blood and use them to make products, which they then discharge by exocytosis.
How are endocrine glands relevant
Ductless glands - their hormones diffuse directly into the blood vessels that wave through the glands - thyroid, adrenals, pituitary
What are the 2 major glands that develop from epithelial sheets?
Endocrine and Exocrine
What is a gland?
Consists of one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product - contains protein molecules in fluid.
What distinguishes exocrine glands?
They retain their ducts and their secretions exist through the ducts to the epithelial surface - both internal and external.
What does avascular mean
No blood supply of their own - dependent on diffusion from the capillaries for food & oxygen
Which epithelium is found in the kidneys?
Cuboidal
Which epithelium is found in the endoderm in the embryo?
Columnar
Where is Stratified Squamous found?
Places that need protection e.g. skin
Where is the simple squamous found?
Places that require easy to exchange of material e.g. ectoderm, the alveoli of the lungs and interior walls of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
Where else is the columnar found?
In the digestive tract to the anus
Which epithelium participates in functions like the diffusion of nutrients from the blood to the body tissues and the diffusion of gases in the alveoli of the lungs?
Squamous epithelium
Which type of epithelium helps move the egg through the fallopian tube?
Ciliated epithelium
The hair-like cilia on the surface of the ciliated epithelium beat in unison to propel the egg forward through the fallopian tube.
