Digestive system

Question 1

Which cell type in the stomach secretes hydrochloric acid?
A) Chief cells
B) Parietal cells
C) Mucous cells
D) G cells

Answer 1

B - Parietal Cells - HCl or gastric acid

secrete intrinsic factor and HCl

Question 2

Bile is produced by the:
A) Pancreas
B) Stomach
C) Liver
D) Gallbladder

Answer 2

Bile is produced by the liver - stored in the gallbladder

Question 3

The primary function of the stomach is to:
A) Absorb nutrients
B) Store and mechanically break down food
C) Reabsorb water
D) Produce bile

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The small intestine is primarily responsible for:
A) Digesting carbohydrates
B) Absorbing nutrients
C) Storing feces
D) Producing digestive enzymes

Answer 4

B

Question 5

Lipases are enzymes that digest:
A) Proteins
B) Carbohydrates
C) Fats
D) Nucleic acids

Answer 5

C - Fats

Question 6

The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the:
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Esophagus

Answer 6

B

Question 7

What does the small intestine divide in

Answer 7

Divided into three segments
- Duodenum: Receives chyme + digestive secretions from liver and pancreas
Jejunum: Site of most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption
Ileum: sphincter muscle controlling flow
into large intestine

Question 8

Microvilli is found in the

Answer 8

small intestine

Question 9

Describe the absorption of monoasaccharides

Answer 9

-Brush border (microvilli) - enzymes break down disaccharides into mono.
-Active transport via Na/K transporter (more Na outside than inside)

Question 10

Describe the absorption of amino acids (no energy required)

Answer 10

Oligopeptides break down into free amino acids - pancreatic enzymes
Na/K pump create Na gradient
Drives active transport of amino acids into the enterocyte
amino acids cross the basal enterocyte membrane by facilitated diffusion and enter the blood