Cells - organelles and transport

Question 1

Where is DNA found

Answer 1

in the nucleus

Question 2

Why is DNA important

Answer 2

Stores instructions for protein synthesis

Question 3

What role do ribosomes play

Answer 3

protein synthesis

Question 4

what role does endoplasmic retinaculum play

Answer 4

tunnel system involved in fat and protein synthesis

Question 5

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

Answer 5

modifies and packages proteins for export

Question 6

What do lysosomes do?

Answer 6

Intracellular digestion

Question 7

What do peroxisomes do?

Answer 7

Detoxify free radicals

Question 8

What does the cytoskeleton do

Answer 8

Cellular support and motion

Question 9

What do centrioles do?

Answer 9

Cell division and form the bases of the cilia and flagella

Question 10

What are flagella

Answer 10

Long projections made of microtubules that propel the cell

Question 11

Name the three times of cell junctions

Answer 11

Desmosomes - anchor, tight junctions - seal the membrane; gap junction - communication

Question 12

When a cell is placed in hypotonic solution, it will

Answer 12

swell because water is moving into the cell

Question 13

When a cell is placed in hypertonic solution, it will

Answer 13

shrink due to the water moving out of the cells into solution

Question 14

What is a gene

Answer 14

section of DNA on a chromosome that encodes function. Traits are partially determined by our genes. Each cell has 2 copies of each gene (alleles)

Question 15

What are proteins?

Answer 15

A large molecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids in a specific order

Question 16

What role does mRNA play

Answer 16

Carries DNA instructions for protein synthesis to ribosome

Question 17

What role does transfer RNA (tRNA) play?

Answer 17

Transports amino acids to the ribosome

Question 18

Transcription is where

Answer 18

DNA info into mRNA

Question 18

What role does ribosomal RNA (rRNA) play

Answer 18

Forms of the ribosomal structure

Question 19

Translation is

Answer 19

RNA and ribosome build protein

Question 20

Why is mRNA very important

Answer 20

3 Base pair codons are read by the ribosome - tRNA has anticodons - codons and anticodons temporarily bind to ensure the correct amino acid is added in the correct positioning in growing protein

Question 21

What is mitosis?

Answer 21

Division of the nucleus

Question 22

What is cytokinesis

Answer 22

Division of the cytoplasm

Question 23

In interphase, there is

Answer 23

DNA replication - G1, S, G2

Question 24

In mitotic phase, there are 4 stages -

Answer 24

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase, that result in 2 daughter nuclei

Question 25

What happens in G1?

Answer 25

Cell is being prepared by duplicating organelles + cytoplasmic components in preparation for division

Question 26

What happens in S phase

Answer 26

DNA in the nucleus is replicated

Question 27

What happens in the G2 phase

Answer 27

Cells finishes growing - 2 centrosomes appear in the cytoplasm

Question 28

Explain the mitotic phase

Answer 28

Prophase = DNA condenses, organises, chromosome structure forms
Metaphase = chromosomes align midway
Anaphase = chromosones separate apart
Telophase = nuclear membranes appear
Cytokinesis = 2 cells are formed