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Histology > Epithelia > Flashcards

Epithelia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features common to all eukaryotic cells?

A

Outer membrane, inner cytosol, cytoskeleton, membrane bound organelles and inclusions

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2
Q

What is the cytosol?

A

Solution of proteins, electrolytes and carbohydrates. Has both fluid and gel like properties

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3
Q

What is the cytoskeleton made from?

A

Thin intermediate filaments and microtubules

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4
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A

Determines the shape and fluidity of the cell

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5
Q

Where are the membrane bound organelles?

A

In the cytosol

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6
Q

What are inclusions?

A

Other structures within the cytoplasm which may or may not be bound by a membrane

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7
Q

What has to happen to cell metabolism and degradative post mortem processes?

A

Has to be haited

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8
Q

What is fixation?

A

Cells being exposed to a chemical that prevents cell metabolism and degradative post mortem processes.

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9
Q

What is the most common fixation?

A

Formalin

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10
Q

What does formalin react with?

A

The amino groups on proteins

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11
Q

What is embedding?

A

Process where the tissue is embedded in support medium

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12
Q

What does embedding allow?

A

The tissue to be thinly sliced allowing light or electrons to penetrate the tissue

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13
Q

What is the impregnated material used to cut the tissue?

A

Paraffin wax

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14
Q

Stains are…

A

Aqueous

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15
Q

Common stains used?

A

Haematoxyoin and Eosin

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16
Q

What colour does Haematoxylin stain the nucleus?

A

Blue / purple

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17
Q

The acidic molecules in haematoxylin are said to be?

A

Basophilic

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18
Q

What kind of dye is Eosin?

A

Acidic

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19
Q

What colour does Eosin stain?

A

Pinkish red

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20
Q

Structures stain in Eosin are said to be?

A

Eosinophilic

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21
Q

What are the 4 tissue types?

A

Epithelium, connective tissue, muscle and nervous tissue

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22
Q

What does the epithelia form?

A

The secretory part of some solid organs and glands

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23
Q

What a the function of the surface epithelium?

A

Cover and lines surfaces, cavities and tubes

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24
Q

What is epithelia composed of?

A

Closely aggregated, polyhedral epithelial cells with a minimum of intercellular substance

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25
Q

Adhesion between cells is?

A

Strong

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26
Q

What happens when cellular sheets are formed?

A

Able to cover exposed external surfaces and line internal cavities

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27
Q

Functions of epithelia?

A

Mechanical barrier, Chemical barrier, Absorption, Secretion, Containment and Locomotion

28
Q

Example of mechanical barrier?

A

Skin

29
Q

Example of chemical barrier?

A

Lining of the stomach

30
Q

Example of absorption?

A

Lining of intestines

31
Q

Example of secretion?

A

Salivary gland

32
Q

Example of containment?

A

Lining of urinary bladder

33
Q

Example of Locomotion?

A

Oviduct

34
Q

Minor functions of epithelium include?

A

Sensation (taste buds) and contractility (myoepithelial cells)

35
Q

What are the characteristics of epithelium?

A

Typically polarised, basal surface attached to basal lamina, non vascularised, adhere together in sheets so cells are closely apposed to each other

36
Q

What are the three main classes of filaments?

A

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules

37
Q

Filaments are classified by?

A

Size

38
Q

Size of microfilament?

A

5nm in diameter

39
Q

Size of intermediate filament?

A

10nm in diameter

40
Q

Size of microtubules?

A

25nm in diameter

41
Q

What do the filamentous proteins become attached to?

A

Cell membranes and to each other

42
Q

What is the function of intercellular junctions?

A

Link individual cells together into a functional unit

43
Q

What are the 3 types of junctions?

A

Occluding junctions, Anchoring junctions / Adherent junctions and communicating junctions

44
Q

What are occluding junctions?

A

Junctions that form a diffusion barrier

45
Q

What are anchoring / adherent junctions?

A

Junctions that provide mechanical strength

46
Q

What are communicating junctions?

A

Junctions that allow movement of molecules between cells

47
Q

What is a junctions complex?

A

Close association of several types of junctions found in certain epithelium and other tissues

48
Q

What are epithelia classified by?

A

Cell shape, number of layers, cell/tissue surface and presence of specialised cells

49
Q

What are the cell shapes?

A

Squamous (flattened), cuboidal (cube shaped) and columnar (like a column)

50
Q

What are the number of layers called?

A

Simple (one layer), stratified (two or more layers) and pseudostratified (tissue appears to have multiple layers, but all cells are in contact with basal lamina)

51
Q

What are microvilli?

A

Finger like projections of the cell membrane

52
Q

What are the size of microvilli?

A

0.5-1um in length

53
Q

What are the function of microvilli?

A

Increase the surface area of the cell membrane

54
Q

What are cilia?

A

Mobile cell processes

55
Q

What is the size of cilia?

A

10um long

56
Q

What is the function of cilia?

A

Serve to propel mucous or fluid over the cell surface

57
Q

What is keratin?

A

A group of tough structural proteins.

58
Q

Examples that are made of keratin?

A

Hair, fingernails and horns

59
Q

What epithelium lines the trachea?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium, ciliated with goblet cells

60
Q

Where is secretion in the exocrine glands?

A

The apical end of the cell, into the lumen of an internal space, into a duct or onto body surface

61
Q

The exocrine glands are termed?

A

Ducted glands

62
Q

The endocrine glands are secreted?

A

Toward the basal end of the cell and then distributed by vascular systems throughout the body.

63
Q

What is the endocrine gland termed?

A

Ductless glands

64
Q

Examples of exocrine glands?

A

Lacrimal glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, liver, pancreas, brunners glands, sweat glands and sebaceous glands

65
Q

What are examples of endocrine glands?

A

Pituitary glands, thyroid gland, thymus gland, pancreas, adrenal glands and ovaries/testis

Histology (10 decks)

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