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Histology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the oral cavity, oropharynx and larygnpharynx covered by?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium which is not keratinised

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2
Q

What is the nasal cavity and nasopharynx covered by?

A

Respiratory epithelium

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3
Q

What are the four layers of the digestive tract?

A

Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscular Externa and Serosa/Adventitia

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4
Q

What are the three parts of the mucosa?

A

Epithelium (Sits on basal lamina), Lamina Propria (loose connective tissue) and Muscular muscosae (thin layer of smooth muscle)

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5
Q

What is the submucosa?

A

Loose connective tissue

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6
Q

What does the muscular external consists of?

A

Two thick layers of smooth muscle, an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer

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7
Q

What does the serosa/adventitia consist of?

A

Outer layer of connective tissue that suspends the digestive tract or attaches to other organs

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8
Q

What is the epithelial change in the gastro-oesophageal junction?

A

Stratified squamous to simple columnar

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9
Q

What are at the bottom of the gastric pits?

A

1-7 gastric glands

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10
Q

What are the gastric pits lined by?

A

Surface mucous cells

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11
Q

What cells are in the isthmus of the stomach?

A

Parietal cells

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12
Q

What cells are in the neck of the stomach?

A

Mucous cells and parietal cells

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13
Q

What cells are in the fundus of the stomach?

A

Chief cells and neuroendocrine cells

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14
Q

What are the different regions of the stomach?

A

Cardia, body and pylorus

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15
Q

What is in the cardia of the stomach?

A

Deep gastric puts that branch into loosely packed, tortuous glands

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16
Q

What is in the body of the stomach?

A

Shallow gastric pits with long straight gastric glands

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17
Q

What is in the pylorus of the stomach?

A

Deep gastric pits with branched, coiled gastric glands at a higher density than in the cardia.

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18
Q

What is the function of the muscular external in the stomach?

A

Aids in churning action

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19
Q

What is the inner circular layer of smooth muscle in the gasproduodenal junction markedly thickened by?

A

Pyloric spincter

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20
Q

What is the shape of the small intestine?

A

Colied tube

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21
Q

What are the segments of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, jejunum and ileum

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22
Q

How long are the duodenum, jejunum and ileum?

A

25cm, 2m and 2.75m

23
Q

Duodenum contains?

A

Brunner’s glands in the submucosa

24
Q

Jejunum consists?

A

Tallest villi located on the circular fold of he mucosa and submucosa, the place circulars.

25
Q

What is the ileum characterised by?

A

Shorter villi and aggregations of lymphoid follicles called Peyer’s patches

26
Q

Where are the Payer’s patches found?

A

In the submucosa and lamina propria of the ileum

27
Q

What are the cells of the small intestine?

A

Enterocytes, Goblet cells, Paneth cells, neuroendocrine cells and Stem cells

28
Q

What are the enterocytes of the small intestine?

A

Tall columnar cells with a brush border and are the principal absorptive cell

29
Q

Function of the goblet cells?

A

Produce mucin to protect epithelium and lubricate passage of material

30
Q

Where are the paneth cells of the intestine found?

A

The base of the cryptos Lieberkuhn

31
Q

What is the function of the paneth cells in the small intestine?

A

Defensive function

32
Q

What are the neuroendocrine cells in the small intestine?

A

Produce hormones that contribute to the control of secretion and motility

33
Q

Where are stem cells found in the small intestine?

A

The base of the crypts of Lieberkuhn and they divide to replenish the epithelium.

34
Q

What does the duodenum receive from the stomach?

A

Chyme

35
Q

What is the function of Brunner’s glands?

A

Produce a thin, alkaline mucous to neutralise the chyme

36
Q

What tissue is found in the ileum?

A

Lymphoid tissue

37
Q

What are the two types of large intestine cells?

A

Absorptive cells and goblet cells

38
Q

Function of absorptive cells?

A

For removal of salts and water

39
Q

Function of goblet cells in large intestine?

A

Secretion of mucus to lubricate the colon

40
Q

Where are the three muscular strips found in the large intestine?

A

Teniae coli

41
Q

What is the appendix?

A

A blind ending hollow extension of the cecum

42
Q

What in the structure is different in the appendix?

A

Crypts are less abundant and there is a circular arrangement of lymphoid tissue in the submucosa and lamina propria

43
Q

The lymphoid tissue tends to…

A

Decline with age

44
Q

What is the junction between the mucosa o the rectum and the non keratinised squamous epithelium of the anal canal?

A

Rectoanal junction

45
Q

What is the anal canal continuous with?

A

The keratinised stratified squamous epithelium of the surrounding skin

46
Q

What is the nervous system called for the digestive tract?

A

The enteric nervous system

47
Q

Where does the ENS receive input form?

A

The ANS

48
Q

Where are the two plexuses of the interconnected network fibres?

A

Submucosa and between the muscle layers of the muscular externa

49
Q

What is the interconnected network of fibres called?

A

Myenteric plexus

50
Q

What is the function of the myoteric plexus?

A

Controls gut motility

51
Q

What is a group of neurons living outside the brain and spinal cord called?

A

Ganglion

52
Q

What is the second network of neurones found in the submucosa called?

A

The submucosal plexus

53
Q

What is the function of the submucosal plexus?

A

Controls muscles of the muscularis mucosa and also helps regulate secretion in the epithelium

Histology (10 decks)

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