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Histology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the nervous system?

A

Allows rapid communication between widely spread parts of the body by neurons which gather and process information and generate an appropriate response.

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2
Q

How do neurons receive information?

A

Synapses

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3
Q

What are the 4 types of glial cells?

A

Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglia and Ependymal cells

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4
Q

What are the roles of the astrocytes cells?

A

Support, maintaining the blood-brain barrier, environmental homeostasis.

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5
Q

Is there connective tissue in the CNS?

A

No

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6
Q

What do the Astrocytes have a large number of in their cytoplasms?

A

Intermediate filaments

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7
Q

What do oligodendrocyte cells do?

A

Produce myelin in the CNS not in the PNS

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8
Q

What colour are the oligodendrocytes stained?

A

Brown

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9
Q

Function of the microglia cells?

A

Immune monitoring and antigen presentation

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10
Q

What are the ependymal cells?

A

Cuboidal/columnar epithelium that lines the cavities in the CNS such as the ventricles

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11
Q

What are the ventricles in the brain filled with?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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12
Q

Characteristics of the neuron?

A

A cell body (containing the nucleus and most of the cell organelles).
An axon (often stretching for long distances which is responsible for transmitting data from the neutron to other cells)
Dendrites (which increases the surface area available for connections from axons of other neurons
Synapses ( between axons and other cells to allow communication)

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13
Q

Three types of neurones?

A

Multipolar, bipolar and pseudounipolar

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14
Q

What is multipolar neurones?

A

Many dendrites and one axon

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15
Q

What is bipolar neurones?

A

One dendrite and one axon

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16
Q

What is pseudounipolar neurones?

A

Short processes give rise to axon in both directions

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17
Q

Where does an axon form from?

A

A swelling in the soma called the axon hillock

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18
Q

Why is the axon hillock important?

A

Because action potentials arise here

19
Q

What forms the spinal cord?

A

Three large nerve cells

20
Q

There is an abundant RER, free polyribosomes and golgi apparatus in the body but not in?

A

The axon

21
Q

What makes up the cytoskeleton?

A

Microtubules, Neurofilaments and microfilaments

22
Q

Where are microfilaments found?

A

In the tips of growing axons

23
Q

What is the axonal transport?

A

Energy consuming mechanism to move material up and down the axon

24
Q

How does the axonal transport work?

A

Kinesin uses microtubules as a sort of railway track to haul attached organelles such as vesicles.

25
Q

What does the PNS consist of?

A

Nerves and ganglia including elements of both somatic and autonomic nervous systems

26
Q

What is a ganglia composed of?

A

Neuron cell bodies (large with abundant cytoplasm and large nuclei), support cells such as satellite and schwann cells (these surround the neuronal body), axons, loose fibrocartillagenous connective tissue and two types of nerve ganglia (dorsal root ganglia and autonomic ganglia)

27
Q

What is a nerve?

A

A collection of axons linked together by support tissue into an automatically defined trunk

28
Q

A peripheral nerve is composed of?

A

Axons, Schwann cells, fibroblasts and blood vessels

29
Q

Peripheral nerves often contain bundles of axons referred to as?

A

A fascicle

30
Q

What are the connective tissue sheaths around a peripheral nerve?

A

Epineurium, Perineurium and Endoneurium

31
Q

What surrounds the whole peripheral nerve?

A

Epinerurium

32
Q

What surrounds a fascicle in a peripheral nerve?

A

Perineurium

33
Q

What surrounds fibres within the fascicle in a peripheral nerve?

A

Endoneurium

34
Q

What does unmyelinated mean?

A

No sheath

35
Q

What does myelinated mean?

A

Sheath present

36
Q

Axons can either be?

A

Myelinated or unmyelinated

37
Q

Where are unmyelinated axons found?

A

In the clefts in the cell membranes of Schwann cells

38
Q

What are the myelin sheaths formed by?

A

Schwann cells

39
Q

Each schwann cell only makes a myelin sheath around?

A

A single axon

40
Q

In the CNS what forms the myelin sheaths?

A

Oligodendrocytes

41
Q

The gaps between the segment of myelin along the axon are called?

A

Nodes of ranvier

42
Q

What is saltatory conduction?

A

Is when action potentials jump rapidly along the axon of one node off ranvier to the next which increases speed of conduction

43
Q

What do the vesicles in the end of the axons contain?

A

Neurotransmitters

Histology (10 decks)

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