Epilepsy Flashcards
What is the prevalence of epilepsy in Canada?
1% usually 18-44 years old and most enter remission
What is the prevalence of epilepsy in Canada?
1% usually 18-44 years old and most enter remission
What are the causes of epilepsy
genetic
tumour
infection
injury
T/F Most cases are cause by unknown means
True
What is the tonic stage
stiffining of muscles
What is the clonic stage?
jerking movements
What is absence?
not consiousness
What does generalized mean
starts on both sides
What does focal mean
on one hemisphere
Seizures can be motor and non motor what does this mean
motor- twitch, repeated movements
nonmotor- change in emotion, sensation
What does frontal lobe do
motor and behavior
What does occipital lobe do
vision
what does temporal lobe do
hear and smell
what does parietal lobe do
sensation like touch
What are the two general causes of seizures
excessive excite= inward Na and Ca- lots of glut and aspartate
low inhibition= inward Cl and out K- GABA
What is surround inhibition
inhibition around a path so that its a more specific response
What is the absolute refractory period
CANT send another signal during this period
What is the relative refractive period
need a LARGER stimulus to send singal during this period
What are the stages of a seizure
1-lose consciousness
2- muscle stiff and fall=tonic
3- muscle jerk=clonic
4 recover
What are the Na channel blockers
Phenytoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, lacosamide
What is the MOA of Na blockers
block channel OBVIOUSLY
What are the two Ca channels and what is different?
T type= slow and are not active when awake= active during seizure= loss of conscious
High voltage= regulates glut and NorE
What are the Ca channel blockers
gabapentin, pregabalin, ethosuximide
What are the drugs that inhibit glutamate receptors (AMPA and NMDA)
lamotrigine, topiramate, levetiracetem(BLOCKS SV2A)
WHat are the drugs that increase GABA
Benzos(pams)
barbiturates
Why do antiepileptic drugs have Sio many side effects
Because they inhibit AMPA and NMDA which uses lots of different ion channels so any channel using them gets effected
What are the general side effects of all antiseizure meds?
NDV
drowsy-sedate
ataxia-no coordination
confusion
