Enzyme

Question 1

Define catalyst

Answer 1

A substance that speeds up a reaction without changing the substance produced or being changed itself

Question 2

Define enzyme

Answer 2

Protein that act as biological catalyst for a specific reaction or group of reaction

Question 3

Define anabolic reaction

Answer 3

A reaction that build up new molecule in a cell

Question 4

Define catabolic reaction

Answer 4

A reaction which breaks down substances within a cell

Question 5

Lock and key process

Answer 5

1) enzyme are complementary to the shape
2) when the substance collides with an enzyme whose active site is complementary to the shape of the substance

The substrate will fot the active site forming an enzyme-substrate complex lowering the activation energy

4) active site affects the bond in the substance making it easier to break
5) once the reaction complete the product arent the right shape to stay in the active site & the complex breaks up
6) release the products and free the enzyme for further catalystic activity which can then be reused

Question 6

Induced fit hypothesis explanation

Answer 6

1) before reactiob enzyme active site arent complementary to substrate
2) but as the specific substrate approaches the this induces the active site which cause a conformatiknal change
3) which the enzyme-substrate forms
4) this distort the enzyme in turn distort the substrate straining the bonds. This puts stress on the bonds thus lowering the activation energy as it is less stable
5) reaction occurs enzyme-product complex
6) product no longer complementary to the active soye this it gets released
7) the enzyme returns to its inactive shape avaliable for teh next reaction

Question 7

Conpetitive inhibitors

Answer 7

Competitive inhibitors can also bind to teh active site but since it not a substarte nothing happens -leaves the active site

Prevent the actual substarte to bind thus reducing frequency of collisionbetween substrate & actuve site

Reduce teh rate of reaction

It competes with the substrate

Since competitors inhibitors has similar structure preventing the actual substarte from binding

Question 8

What to do to reduce teh effect of competitive inhibitors

Answer 8

To reduce teh effect if competitive inhibitors just increase the concentration of substrate

Much greater chance of substrate binding to the active site

Question 9

Non competitive inhibitors

Answer 9

Non competive inhibitors binds to the allosteric site it causes the tertiary strcutude of the enzyme to change

Shape if the active site changes so it no longer complementary to the substrate

Reduce rate of reaction

Cant be oversome by increase in substrate con