Biodiversity

Question 1

Define Biodiversity

Answer 1

It is the number of known specie in a habitat

It is also the variety of allele within a population

It can be measured by looking at genetic diversity between individuals of one specie and between species

Question 2

Define specie richness

Answer 2

The number of different species in an area

Question 3

Define relative specie abundance

Answer 3

The relative number of species in an area

Question 4

Define Endemic specie

Answer 4

Is a specie that is only found in one place and evolved due to geographical location

Question 5

Define biodiversity hotspot

Answer 5

An area with a particulary high level of biodiversity

Question 6

Why they have rich biodiversity

Answer 6

• stable ecosystem allows many complex relationships to develop between species
• high levels of productivity (when photosynthesis rates are very high) can support more niches
• when organism can grow and reproduce rapidly, it is more likely that mutation occur, leading to adaptions which allow organism to exploit more niche

Question 7

Diversity index formula

Answer 7

D= N(N-1)/ sum( n(n-1) )

D= diversity index
N= the total number of organism of all species
n = the total number of organism of each individual species - the abundance of different species

Sum - n(n-1)

Question 8

Heterozygosity index formula

Answer 8

Heterozygosity index = number of heterozygotes / number of individual in the population

Question 9

What does high heterozygosity index mean

Answer 9

• the higher the heterozygosity index the higher the diversity i.e. there is hgiher variety of alleles in the population

More variation in a population means they are more likely to survive environmental change

Question 10

Define allele frequency

Answer 10

The frequency with which a particular allele appears within a population

Question 11

Define population

Answer 11

A breeding group of individuals of the same species occupying a particular habitat and a particular niche

Question 12

Define gene pool

Answer 12

The sum total of all the genes in a population at a given time

Question 13

Define selection pressure

Answer 13

The effect of one or mroe environmental factors that determines whetehr an organism will be more or less successful at surviving and reproducing: selection pressure drives speciation

Question 14

Gene and allele frequency

Answer 14

Mutation can increase the gene pool of a population by increasing the number of different allele available

If a mutation results in an advantageous feature , the allele will be selected for and so increase in frequency in the population

If the mutation is disadvantageous, natural selection will sometime result in its removal from the gene pool

The changes in allele frequency due to natural selection may lead to new species emerging

Question 15

Define anatomical adaption

Answer 15

Involve form and structure of an organism

Question 16

Define physiological adaptation

Answer 16

Adaptation involving the way the body of the organism works, including differences in biochemical pathways or enzyme

Question 17

Define behavioural adapatation

Answer 17

Adaptation involving programmed or instinctive behaviour making organism better adapted for survival

Question 18

Hardy - weinberg equation

Answer 18

P^2 + 2Pq+ Q^2 = 1

P+q = 1

Question 19

Condition of the hardy - weinberg equilibrium

Answer 19

• there are no mutation
• there is random mating
• the population is large
• the population is isolated
• there is no selection pressure

Question 20

Why is biodiversity important ?

Answer 20

Interdependent - rich biodiversity allows large - scale ecosystems to function and self regulate, but it also means that large- scale ecosystem are interlinked, so if biodiversity decreases in one ecosystem, the natural balance may be destroyed in another ecosystem

Purification - biodiversity means the ecosystem will have many type of plants and decomposer. Plants clean the air and water by in-taking CO2 for photosynthesis, and decomposers breakdown dead matter and make it non-toxic in order to clean the environment

Rainwater and natural disaster -plants absorb a lot of water from the soil and then release it into the environment through the transpiration stream by evaporation, which produces cloud which produces rain elsewhere. Plants root also hold the soil togther , which affects how water run off or is absorbed by the soil, which reduces the risk of flooding

Genetic diversity- this allows us to cross-breed and cross-pollinate plants as well as genetically engineer them to produce improved version of specie. Plant biodiversity also provide the potential of plants to produce chemical which are important in improving the excellence of life

Question 21

Process of natural selection (MRSA)

Answer 21

• random mutation rise to new allele
• due to selection pressurefrom the environment individual with beneficial allele are more likely to survive and reproduce and pass on their advantageous allele
• the process repeats over many generation
• the frequency of advantagneuous allele therefore increase in the population

Question 22

In situ

Answer 22

Conserving a specie in its natural environment

• control of specie introduction
• protecting habitats
• restoring damaged areas
• promoting particular species
• legal protection

protected areas

Question 23

Advantages

Answer 23

Conserve the specie and the habitat

Less disruptive

Greater chance of a population recovering

Question 24

Disadvantages

Answer 24

Can be difficult to control

Question 25

Exists

Answer 25

Conserving a speice outside its natural environment

• relocating
• breeding
• Botanic Gardens
• seed banks

Question 26

Advantages

Answer 26

Controlled environment
Reintroduction species

Small number

Difficult
Expensive
Less successful

Question 27

Explain the term endanger specie

Question 28

Why is the loss of biodiversity a concern

Answer 28

Loss of organism

Removal of pollinators

Damage to food chain

Question 29

Suggest why they are endangered

Answer 29

Habitat destruction 
Hunting
Poaching
Pollution
Disease

Answer 30

Illegal to kill rhino

Ban on trade

Increased cooperation

Education

Permits issued