CVD treatment

Question 1

Antihypertensive (Diuretics) how it works and it’s benefits as well as risks

Answer 1

FUNCTIONS
Increase the volume of urine so that it can eliminate excess fluid and salt hence the blood volume decreases since there is less blood , the blood pressure falls

Benefits

• Effective and inexpensive
• reduce heart rate
• reduce risk of CVD
• reduce risk of damage to the kidney and eyes from high blood pressure

RISK
-cough
-impotence
-tiredness
-fatigue
Constipation
-blood pressure falls
-frequent urination
Blurred vision

Question 2

Antihypertensives (beta blockers) benefits and risks

Answer 2

Blocks the response of the heart to hormones (eg adrenaline )which normally act to speed up the heart and increase the blood pressure. So beta blockers make the heart rate slower and the contraction less strong, so the blood pressure is lower

Benefits
Reducing blood pressure
Reduce heart rate
Reduce the risk of damage to the kidneys and eyes from high blood pressure

RISK
Cough
Constipation
Blurred vision
Frequent urination
Impotence 
Fatigue
Tiredness

Question 3

antihypertensive (ACE inhibitors)

Answer 3

Angiotensin is a hormone that stimulate the constriction of your blood vessel to keep blood pressure lower by blocking the production of angiotensin converting enzyme which cause artierial constriction

Prevents the nerves stimulating the constriction of arteries which helps to keep the arteries dilated and your blood pressure lower

Question 4

Cholesterol lowering drugs ( Statins)

Answer 4

Group of drugs that lowers the level of cholesterol in your blood . They block the enzyme in the liver that is responsible for making cholesterol and particularly effective at blocking the production of LDLs, statins also improve the balance of LDL to HDL and reduce inflammation in the epithelium of the arteries

BENEFITS
Effective in relaxing blood vessel leading to lower blood pressure also helping to prevent CVD

Lower blood cholesterol level

Reduce risk of atherosclerosis

RISK
Liver problems
Muscle and joint aches
Nausea
Constipation
Liver failure
Diabetes
Muscle inflammation 
Allergies
Diarrhoea

Question 5

Cholesterol reducing drugs ( plant stanols and sterols)

Answer 5

Added to food which helps to lower the cholesterol levels in the blood too

—> they reduce cholesterol absorb from the gut into your blood , which makes it easier for your body to metabolize cholesterol and reduce the level of LDL in the blood

BENEFITS
Lower cholesterol level
Inhibitions of cholesterol synthesis in the liver

Reduce the risk of CVD

RISK
Diarrhea
Fat in the stool

Question 6

Anticoagulant (warfarin)

Answer 6

Interfere with the manufacture of prothrombin in the body. Low prothrombin level makes the blood clot less easily

BENEFITS

Reduce internal blood clots that can sometimes cause thrombosis

Reduce blood flow in the artery

Reduce stickiness of platelets

Maintain oxygen supply to tissue

Reduce risk of artheroclerosis

Reduce blood clot risk

Reduce the effectiveness of platelets thus less chance of artery blockage

RISK

Excessive bleeding can happen leading to a hemorrhage since blood clots take longer to form

Question 7

PLatelets Inhibitory drugs (aspirin)

Answer 7

Make the platelets less sticky so it reduces the clotting ability of the blood

BENEFITS
Prevent platelets from becoming sticky

Prevent the formation of thrombosis

The leading to the conditions like stroke or myocardial infarction

RISK
irritates the stomach lining and cause bleeding in the stomach which can become serious