Envirnonmental Regulations Flashcards
1
Q
What does MARPOL stand for?
A
The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships
2
Q
Which Annex sets discharge limitations for garbage
A
Annex V.
3
Q
What is covered under Annex II?
A
Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk
4
Q
Which Annex Creates Emission Control Areas?
A
Annex VI
5
Q
When was MARPOL first adopted?
A
1973
6
Q
Which annex requires vessels to be prepared for oil spills?
A
Annex I.
7
Q
A
8
Q
Which annex is closely linked to the IMDG code?
A
Annex III - Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form
8
Q
Which annex controls the discharge of sewage from vessels
A
Annex IV. -There’s a special separate annex for big stinky Lewis poos
8
Q
Which annex is focused on the prevention of pollution of the air?
A
Annex VI.
8
Q
Into which category would oil used to lubricate the main engine fall?
A
Oil from machinery spaces
8
Q
In general terms, what does MARPOL aim to achieve?
A
MARPOL aims to prevent pollution of the marine environment by vessels, both from routine operational discharges and from accidental discharges in emergencies.
9
Q
Are petrochemicals covered under MARPOL Annex I?
A
No, petrochemicals fall under the auspices of MARPOL Annex II (Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk)
10
Q
What are the two categories of oil pollution considered by MARPOL Annex I?
A
- Oil from machinery 2. Oil from cargo spaces
11
Q
Are passenger vessels required to carry an ORB Part II?
A
No, only tankers over 150gt are required to.
12
Q
Which vessels are required to have an IOPPC?
A
Every vessel over 400gt and oil tankers over 150gt
13
Q
What are the survey intervals for the IOPPC?
A
The IOPPC is valid for five years and is subject to annual and intermediate surveys during that period, and a renewal survey at the end of the five year period
14
Q
In which record book would the collection and disposal of oily bilge residues be recorded?
A
This is a machinery space operation so it would be recorded Part I of the Oil Record Book.
15
Q
How often does the Engineer sign the Oil Record Book?
A
On completion of each operation.
16
Q
What does SOPEP stand for?
A
Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan
17
Q
May a large container ship in the middle of the Atlantic discharge oil?
A
It is not in a special area and therefore may discharge oil from its machinery spaces when it is en route, provided that the oil processed by approved oil filtering equipment and the effluent doesn’t exceed 15PPM. As a large container ship would be over 10,000gt, that filtering equipment must feature an alarm and auto shut off.
18
Q
When discharging oil from a machinery space, what is the maximum oil content in an effluent mixture measured in parts per million (PPM)?
A
15PPM
19
Q
When may a small workboat operating in the Red Sea discharge oil?
A
Assuming that the vessel is less than 400gt, the same requirements apply regardless of whether they are inside or outside of a special area. In both cases, the vessel must be en route, have approved oil filtering equipment fitted and the effluent must not exceed 15PPM.
20
Q
When may a vessel discharge oil in the Antarctic?
A
Never. Under the Polar Code, all discharges of oil or oil mixtures in the Arctic and Antarctic are prohibited.
21
How much of its original cargo may a tanker discharge?
The total discharge must not exceed 1/30,000th of the original cargo and discharges from a cargo space are only permitted to occur outside of a special area.
22
Which system uses rotation to separate oil and water?
Centrifugal oily water separator
23
Why are segregated ballast tanks required?
To separate ballast water from oil cargoes so that there is no risk of contamination.
24
Which system is typically fitted to slop tanks and take advantage of the fact that oil and water don't mix easily?
Oil/Water interface detector.
25
What is the difference between an ODME and an ODMCS?
Oil Discharge Monitoring Equipment is used to monitor discharges from machinery spaces, whereas Oil Discharge Monitoring and Control Systems are used to monitor discharges from cargo spaces.
26
What does SOPEP stand for?
Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan.
27
How often is the IMO's List of National Operational Contact Points updated?
Every three months
28
What is the minimum requirement for the carriage of SOPEP equipment?
There is no minimum requirement. The quantity is risk-assessed by the crew/company and accepted as being adequate when the SOPEP plan is approved. Once documented in the approved-SOPEP plan, the quantity must be maintained.
29
Which vessels are required to carry a SOPEP plan?
All vessels over 400gt and oil tankers over 150gt
30
Where can a list of noxious liquid substances be found?
The International Bulk Chemical Code (IBC Code)
31
Which category of NLS is the most harmful to the marine environment and human health?
Category X.
32
Which category of NLS is the least harmful to the marine environment and human health?
Other substances (OS). - You're doing amazing love, keep going!!
33
To which vessels does MARPOL Annex II apply?
To all vessels carrying NLS in bulk.
34
Which catergory poses a minor hazard to the marine environment and human health?
Category Z.
35
Which document lays out the vessel's emergency response plans in case of a spill?
Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan (SMPEP)
36
Which document lays out the physical arrangements and load/discharge procedures of a chemical tanker?
The Procedures and Arrangement (P&A) Manual.
37
Which non-crew member will regularly make entries into the Cargo Record Book?
An authorised Cargo Surveyor.
38
What does SMPEP stand for?
Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan.
39
Which vessels are required to carry a SMPEP?
Vessels over 150gt carrying noxious liquid substances in bulk.
40
Which certificate is issued under MARPOL Annex II?
International Pollution Prevention Certificate for the carriage of NLS in Bulk (NLS Certificate).
41
Which certificate is issued under the IBC Code?
A Certificate of Fitness.
42
What is the minimum distance from land that residues of a Category Y cargo can be discharged?
12nm, provided that the category-based discharge requirements have been followed.
43
What are persistent floaters?
Products with a high viscosity and/or a high melting point, which can solidify under certain conditions. Examples include vegetable oils or paraffin-like cargoes.
44
What are the Special Areas under MARPOL Annex II?
Discharges are banned in the Arctic and Antarctic. There are also special requirements for 'persistent floaters' in an area stretching from Gibraltar, up to the Norwegian coast, including the Baltic Sea, the UK and Ireland.
45
When may Category X cargo residues be discharged?
The tank must be pre-washed prior to departure and the wash water discharged ashore until the total concentration of the effluent is less than 0.1% by weight (testing by a certified surveyor).
Then the remaining wash water must be discharged and the tank completely stripped. Any water subsequently introduced into the tanks may be discharged in accordance with the discharge requirements.
46
What are the discharge requirements under Annes II, once the category-based requirements have been met?
The vessel must be outside of a special area, en route at a speed of at least 7 knots, more than 12nm from land, in a depth of not less than 25m and the discharge must be conducted below the waterline.
47
Under what circumstances can Annex II discharge take place?
Only to save life or the vessel.
48
Where would you look for guidance on responding to a spill from a container?
The Emergency Schedules (EmS) in the Supplement of the IMDG Code contain guidance on dealing with spillage of a dangerous good.
49
To which vessels does MARPOL Annex III apply?
All vessels carrying harmful substances in packaged form/
50
What are the certification requirements under MARPOL Annex III?
There are no certification or documentation requirements under Annex III.
51
With regard to MARPOL Annex III, what is the difference between cleaning acids used in the engine room of a container vessel and those found inside a container onboard the same vessel?
MARPOL Annex III explicitly excludes ship's stores, even if they are also dangerous substances in packaged form.
52
which category of waste is anything generated in a medical space onboard?
Black water
53
which category of waste originates from the shower onboard?
Grey Water
54
To which vessels does MARPOL Annex IV apply.
All vessels over 400gt or those certified to carry more than 15 persons.
55
Which category of waste is anything from a toilet onboard?
Black Water
56
What does ISPPC stand for?
International Sewage Pollution Prevention Certificate
57
How long is the ISPPC valid for?
The ISPPC is vaild for a five year period, with renewal survey after five years. There are no annual or intermediate surveys for an ISPPC.
58
Why would a vessel also carry a 'type-approval' certificate in order to comply with ANNEX IV?
If the vessel is fitted with a 'sewage treatment plant' or a 'comminuting and disinfecting plant', the plant needs to itself be certified as meeting the requirements o the Annex. It will therefore be issued a 'type-approval' certificate.
59
Where are records of sewage discharge recorded?
Sewage discharges must be recorded but Annex IV doesn't provide a standard format for doing so (unlike the oil record books in Annex I or the Garbage Record Books in Annex V). Vessels may carry a Sewage Record Book or they may record discharges in the Engine Log Book.
60
Which vessel types does the Baltic Sea special area apply to?
Passenger Vessels
61
Which piece of equipment enables a vessel to discharge sewage outside of 3nm from land?
A comminuting and disinfecting system
62
Where can effluent from a sewage treatment plant be discharged?
Under MARPOL Annex IV, it can be discharged anywhere (inside 3nm from land), although other national or local by-laws may prevent discharges in ports.
63
Where can untreated, raw sewage be discharged?
Raw sewage can only be discharged outside of 12nm from land or to a reception facility ashore.
64
What type of equipment is required for vessels who will only discharge their sewage ashore or outside 12nm ?
A holding tank.
65
To which vessels does MARPOL Annex V apply?
IT applies to all ships, irrespective of size, including offshore platforms and non-commerical craft.
66
Which type of pollutant is covered under MARPOL Annex V?
Garbage
67
When can food waste be discharged while navigating around the Italian coast?
Inside a special area, comminuted food waste may be discharged when 12nm or more from land, while en route.
68
When can food waste be discharged in the Arabian Sea?
Outside of a special area, comminuted food waste may be discharged outside of 3nm and whole food waste may be discharged outside of 12nm
69
What are the special areas under MARPOL Annex V?
The Antarctic Area
Baltic Sea
Black Sea
Red Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Wider Caribbean Region
North Sea
The Gulf Area
70
How many categories of garbage are there?
There are nine garbage categories, plus two further categories of cargo residues
71
When is it permitted for cleaning agents and additives in the deck wash water to enter the water?
Discharge of cleaning agents and additives in deck wash water is permitted in all areas, provided that the cleaning agents/additives used are not harmful to the marine environment.
72
How must used cooking oil be disposed of and under which Annex of MARPOL does it fall?
Cooking oil falls under MARPOL Annex V and must be treated as garbage.
It can be disposed of by incineration
or
by being discharged overboard
or
combined with oily residues under Annex I.
73
Which document explains how garbage is to be stored onboard?
The Garbage Management Plan
74
Where are discharges of garbage recorded?
All discharges of garbage are recorded in the vessel's Garbage Record Book.
75
When garbage is discharged ashore, what other form of record must be obtained and kept?
Receipts must be obtained from shoreside authorities,
or those responsible for receiving the garbage,
to prove that the garbage was disposed of properly. These must be kept with the Garbage Record Book.
76
Which vessels are required to carry an International Garbage Pollution Prevention Certificate?
Nobody! There is no certification required under MARPIL Annex V. Sorry for the trick question :)
77
Who should the Garbage Management Plan designate?
The GMP must designate the person responsible for the implementation of the plan. This is often the Chief Officer to Chief Engineer.
78
Which are vessels required to carry a Garbage Management Plan?
Every nessels over 100gt or carrying more than 15 persons onboard is required to carry a Garbage Management Plan (GMP).
79
Which part of the Garbage Record Book should a shoreside discharge of garbage be recorded?
Garbage discharges (regardless of their destination) are recorded in Part I of the Garbage Record Book.
80
Which are vessels required to maintain a Garbage Record Book?
From 1st May 2024, all vessels over 100gt or carrying more than 15 persons onboard must maintain a Garbage Record Book (GRB). Previously, this requirement only extended to vessels over 400gt.
81
Which vessels are required to post placards to notify the crew and passengers of the garbage discharge limitations?
It is mandatory for all vessels over 12m in length and every fixed or floating offshore platform to display placards onboard to notify the crew and passengers of the garbage discharge limitations.
82
Which pollutant is created in proportion to the content of a molecule in a vessel's fuel?
Sulphur Oxides (SOx)
83
Where do NOx come from?
Nitrous oxides are produced during the combustion process in a vessel's engines.
84
What are ODS and what do they do?
Ozone Depleting Substances destroy ozone molecules in the Earth's atmosphere and contribute to an overall depletion of the ozone layer, which exposes us to excessive UV radiation on the surface.
85
Where do VOCs come from?
In a maritime context, VOCs mostly originate from evaportation from the surface of oil products during loading, discharge and while on passage.
86
Which vessels are required to have an IASPPC?
Every vessel over 400gt must hold an International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate.
87
Within an ECA, what is the sulphur content limit?
0.1%
88
What is the sulphur content limit outside of an ECA?
0.5%
89
Which type of scrubber sprays sea water across the exhaust gases to remove pollutants?
Open-loop Scrubbers.
90
When must the fuel changeover procedure be started when approaching an ECA?
In sufficient time that the changeover can be completed (as per the Fuel changeover Procedure) and the emissions leaving the funnel be from low-sulphur fuel before entering the ECA.
91
How many Emission Control Areas are there?
Five are currently in force.
- Baltic Sea.
- North Sea.
- United States, Caribbean Sea.
-North American Sea Area.
-Mediterranean Sea.
92
Which engines/generators are required to have an EIAPPC?
Each generator or engine over 130kW (for vessels constructed after 1st January 2000) is required to have its own Engine International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate (EIAPPC), stating which standard it meets. - hi pookie!!!!
93
How do tankers manage VOC emissions?
Tankers carrying crude oil are required to have an approved VOC Management Plan detailing how they minimise the escape of VOCs during their operations.
94
What is a NOx Technical File?
Engines/generators which are required to have an EIAPPC are also required to have a NOx Technical File detailing all of the components and settings which may affect the NOx emissions of the engine.
95
Vessels which have ODS-containing rechargeable refrigeration systems are required to carry what?
Vessels must maintain an ODS Record Book, which details the recharge, discharge and maintenance of such systems
96
What additional requirement applies to newer vessels wishing to operate in an ECA?
Vessels built after 1st January 2016 must be fitted with Tier II engines in order to operate in the North American or US Caribbean Sea Emission Control Areas, and the same rule applies for vessels built after 1st January 2021 operating in the Baltic or North Sea ECAs.
97
How are ODS emissions controlled on newly-built vessels?
For ships constructed after 1st January 2020, Annex VI simply bans the use of all ODS in rechargeable systems
98
What is the main objective of the EEDI?
To minimise the CO2 emissions of newly-built vessels.
99
Which vessels are required to have an IEEC?
The International Energy Efficiency Certificate (IEEC) is required under Annex VI for every vessel over 400gt.
100
What does the IEEC certify?
That the vessel is meeting the requirements of the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)/Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) and is actively managing its energy efficiency through a ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP).
101
What is the difference between the Required EEDI and the Attained EEDI?
The Required EEDI is what the vessel is required to meet under Annex VI and the Attained EEDI is what the vessel actually achieved.
102
What is the difference between EEDI and EEXI?
The Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) applies to new vessels, whereas the Energy Efficiency Exisiting Ship Index (EEXI) applies to existing vessels.
103
Which vessels are required to report their fuel consumption?
Vessels over 5000gt are required to report their fuel consumption to their Flag State each year.
104
What does Annex VI require a vessel to do to manage and improve its energy efficiency over time?
Vessels over 400gt on international voyages are required to develop a Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) to highlight areas of potential improvement of fuel efficiency and to implement those improvements. Once implemented, they are monitored and evaluated, and further plans are made to continue a virtuous cycle of efficiency improvements.
105
What is the EEDI/EEXI Technical File?
Vessels must carry an EEDI or EEXI Technical File to demonstrate how the Attained EEDI or EEXI was calculated.
106
Which grade of CII requires a vessel to submit and implement a corrective action plan if a vessel is rated for three years?
D.
107
When was the Ballast Water Management Convention adopted?
8th September 2017
108
What certification is required under the BWMC?
All vessel over 400gt must be issued with an International Ballast Water Management Certficiate (IBWMC) which certifies that the vessel conducts ballast water management operations in accordance with the convention and is using an appropriate method od ballast water exchange or treatment.
109
What record are kept of ballast water operations?
The Ballast Water Record Book (BWRB) records when ballast water is taken onboard, discharged, exchanged and treated as well as any accidental or exceptional discharges. The BWRB may be maintained in either paper or electronic form.
110
What are the requirements for a Ballast Water Management Plan?
Vessels must carry a ship-specific Ballast Water Management Plan (BWMP) detailing how they manage ballast water in compliance with the IBWMC. Each plan should have a designated Ballast Water Management Officer who has overall responsibility for the vessel's records and for ensuring that the plan is being adhered to.
111
What is the difference between an 'alien species; and an 'invasive species'?
An alien species is one which is introduced outside of its natural distribution, whereas an invasive species is one which harms the environment into which it is introduced
112
Why might a vessel conduct 'flushing'?
To remove excess sediment which has built up in the ballast tanks.
113
Where are ballasting operations recorded and what will be recorded?
In the Ballast Water Record Book. records will include start/stop times, distances offshore, minimum sea depths, quantity, exchange/treatment method (if applicable) and the responsible person.
114
Why can ballast water exchange operations be dangerous?
Some methods of ballast water exchange can affect a vessel's stability if not conducted carefully and in appropriate conditions.
115
What will the Ballast Water Management Plan contain?
It will contain, as a minimum, the following: vessel's particulars, vessel's plans, ballast water sampling points, operation of the ballast water system, safety procedures, procedures for disposal of sediments, and requirements for record keeping.
116
What are the depth/distance requirements for ballast water exchange under the D1 standard?
The vessel must be at least 200nm from the nearest and and the depth of water must be at least 200m. If this is not possible, then the vessel should be as far from the nearest land as possible but at least 50nm and have a sea depth of at least 200m.
117
What is the D2 standard under the BWMC?
Treatment of ballast water.
118
Ballast water treatment methods use on of what three key approaches?
Mechanical, physical, or chemical.
119
What is the differnece between the dilution and flow-through methods of ballast water exchange?
The flow-through methods pumps water into the bottom and lets the tank overflow, whereas the dilution method pumps water into the top and discharges at the same rate from the bottom of the tank.
120
When conducting ballast water exchange, what percentage of the volume must be exchanged?
At least a 95% volumetric exchange.
121
Which of the ballast water exchange methods is most dangerous?
Unless carefully managed, the sequential method can pose a danger to the vessel due to stresses on the vessel and adverse effects on its stability condition.
122
What is the purpose of the Anti-fouling Convention?
To ban certain harmful compounds and prevent others being used in anti-fouling in the future.
123
When is an International Anti-fouling System Certificate required to be issued and renewed?
All vessels over 400gt on international voyages must carry an IASC. The certificate doesn't have an expiry but it must be renewed whenever more than 25% of the anti-fouling system is changed.
124
Which vessels are required to carry a Biofouling Management Plan?
The IMO's Biofouling Guidelines are, as the name suggests, not mandatory but the IMO recommends that every vessel has a Biofouling Management Plan in place.
125
What is recorded in the Biofouling Record Book?
All inspections and biofouling management measures undertaken on the ship.
126
The IMO Initial Strategy envisages a reduction of total annual GHG emissions of how much by 2050?
50%
127
What is the IMO's approach to climate change called?
The "Initial Strategy on the reduction of GHG emissions from ships" or "IMO 2050"
128
Under which Annex of MARPOL are energy efficiency-related goals being pursued?
MARPOL Annex VI (Air Pollution).
129
What is a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area?
An area of sea that requires special protection and which is particularly susceptible to damage caused by maritime activities
130
Must vessels avoid PSSAs?
Not necessarily. A PSSA will have measures put in place to protect it, which may include Areas to be avoided but there are other measures available too.
131
What's the difference between a Special Area and a PSSA?
A Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) is distinct from a Special Area. The latter tend to be larger areas designated under one of the MARPOL Annexes, although they are not mutually exclusive and overlap in many cases.
