Entropy

Question 1

Ectotherm definition

Answer 1

An organism in which internal physiological sources of heat are of negligible importance in controlling body temperature

Question 2

Endotherm is

Answer 2

An organism whose body temperature is maintained using the heat released by metabolic processes

Question 3

What happens when hummmingbirds enter torpor at night

Answer 3

Their body temperature drops close to ambient temperature

Question 4

Why does the body temperature of ectothermic deep sea fish hardly vary

Answer 4

Live in stable conditions

Question 5

Turtles are gigantotherms - what does this mean

Answer 5

Can keep a constant body temperature more easily than smaller organisms

Question 6

Bigger the animal the smaller the SA to V ration so

Answer 6

Get hotter quicker

Question 7

Are human mammals and birds endothermic

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

What is a poikilotherm

Answer 8

Animal whose body temperature varies within its environment

Question 9

What is a homeotherm

Answer 9

Animal that has a relatively constant body temperature

Question 10

Is an otter a heometherm

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

Is a largemouth bass a poikilotherm

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

How much more food does an otter need than a bass

Answer 12

10 times

100 times when it’s close to freezing

Question 13

What is the metabolic rate of endotherm a compared to ectotherms, independent of body size

Answer 13

10 times more

Question 14

Metabolic rate is proportional to body size

Answer 14

Bigger the organism the higher the metabolic rate

Question 15

Explain the second law of thermodynamics

Answer 15

During every transformation some energy is converted to thermal energy and released as heat
This heat warms up the organism and makes the universe more disordered - increasing entropy

Question 16

At rest how much heat do humans produce each

Answer 16

100W

Question 17

What does the production and use of ATP generate

Answer 17

Heat which the animal eventually gives off to its surroundings

Question 18

What do animals use as chemical energy

Answer 18

Food

Question 19

How is food digested

Answer 19

By enzymatic hydrolysis

Question 20

What are nutrient molecules absorbed by cells use for

Answer 20

To make ATP

Question 21

What is the energy form ATP production used for

Answer 21

Biosynthesis
Synthesis of storage material
Production of ganetes

Question 22

What does biosynthesis doc

Answer 22

Grow and repair cells

Question 23

How many KJ if energy is related per gram of glucose broken down

Answer 23

15.94

Question 24

What is the Gibbs free energy of 1 gram of glucose being broken down

Answer 24

-2870 KJ/mol

Question 25

What % of energy stored in glucose molecule is transferred to ATP

Answer 25

34 - the rest is lost to heat

Question 26

Cellular respiration equation

Answer 26

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 27

Explain the leaky membrane thing in endotherm a

Answer 27

Less efficient electron transport chains, generating more heat

Question 28

What happens during oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 28

Electron transport chains covert the chemical energy to ATP via chemiosmosis

Question 29

How do normal mitochondria produce ATP

Answer 29

Electrical current of protons across their membrane - need an intact membrane to act as an insulator

Question 30

What is non shivering themogenesis

Answer 30

When certain hormones cause cause mitochondria to increase their metabolic activity and produce heat instead of ATP This occurs in brown adipose tissue when the mitochondria have protein pores allowing protons to leak out

Question 31

Brown adipose tissue is

Answer 31

Brown fat

Question 32

What does the red muscle in tuna and lamnid sharks have a similar function to

Answer 32

Brown fat

Question 33

How much energy does the hydrolysis of ATP produce per mol

Answer 33

30.5

Question 34

How much energy from the the hydrolysis of ATP fuels cellular processes

Answer 34

40%

Question 35

How many grams of atp is in humans

Answer 35

250g

Question 36

What does muscular activity generate a lot of as a by product

Answer 36

Heat

Question 37

Why is aerobic capacity an advantage of endothermy

Answer 37

Lizards are great sprinters but build up lactic acid quickly Mammals have ten times more aerobic capacity Selection for maximal metabolic rate dragged up basal metabolic rate because they are intrinsically linked Selection for stamina leads to hotter bodies

Question 38

Parental care is the driver for

Answer 38

Increased stamina

Question 39

What are the 4 advantages of endothermy

Answer 39

Aerobic capacity Parental care Permian extinctions Vegetarianism

Question 40

Explain Permian extinctions

Answer 40

High CO2 low o2 calls volcanic winters and temperature fluctuations Selected for endothermy

Question 41

How long did lystrosaurs dominate the terrestrial environment

Answer 41

50 million years in the Triassic

Question 42

What do the respiratory turbinates of lystrosaurs indicate

Answer 42

Endothermy

Question 43

What did klaassen and biker suggest about endothermy

Answer 43

It evolved in herbivores as a way of burning off excess carbon when feeding on a nitrogen poor diet

Question 44

Many archosaurs and lystrosaurs were what

Answer 44

Herbivores

Question 45

How much of human body mass is brain

Answer 45

2%

Question 46

How much energy does the human Brian consume

Answer 46

20%

Question 47

How much energy does the baby/foetus human brain consume

Answer 47

Up to 60%

Question 48

What did the evolution of a large brain in mammals and birds coincide with

Answer 48

Development of endothermy

Question 49

Endothermy requires lots of what

Answer 49

Energy

Question 50

Most heat produced is a what of metabolism

Answer 50

By product

Question 51

What are the advantages of endothermy

Answer 51

Stamina Respiratory efficiency Burn off excess carbon

Question 52

What did endothermy permit

Answer 52

Evolution of a large brain