Birds are Dinosaurs Flashcards
Classify the calypte Anna
Kingdom animalia Phylum Chordata Class aves Order apodiformes Family trochilidae Genus calypte Species calypte Anna
Why do hummingbirds have small legs
Spend most of their time on wings
Describe the anatomy of the archaeopteryx
Toothed beak
Wing claw
Airfoil wing with contour feathers
Long tail with many vertebrae
Describe the differences in modern birds compared to the archaeopteryx
No wing claws
Fingers are reduced
No teeth
Short stumpy tail bone and the rest is feathers
What are the four hypothesis that suggest birds and related to crocodiles
Birds split from reptiles very early on
Closely related to crocodiles and ancestral crocodiles looked very different to modern day crocodiles
Related to stegosaurus
Related to triceratops
What two ancestors did baron et al link
Theropod and ornithischians
Why was the archaeopteryx first miss classified as a dinosaur
The feathers were not well preserved
What is phylogeny
The evolutionary history of an organism of group of organisms
What is cladistics
Method of classification using hypothesis evolutionary relationships among organisms
What does phylogenetic classification provide
Explicit and testable hypotheses of organisms relationships
What basic assumptions does cladistics make
Members of the same clade share unique features which were not present in distant ancestors
Members of the same clade are more closely related to each other than other organisms
Cladpograms are
Diagrams show the relationship of species not evolutionary tree
Diagrams which have the same about of trees and species
The best diagram requires the fewest evolutionary changes
Best supported cladogram regarding pierolapithecus goes in what order
Pierolapithecus
Gorilla
Chimp
Human
What is the sister taxa of dinosaurs
Birds
Birds are part of what taxa
Dinosaur
What taxa is the dinosaur taxa in
Reptile
How do we know T. rex is related to chickens
Colleges from T. rex bones is more similar to bird collagen then any other animal collagen
What are dromaeosaurs
Velociraptor
What’s the closest thing to a bird
Velociraptor- dromaeosaur
What similarities are shared between birds and theropod dinosaurs
Elongate , mobile s shaped neck
Tridactly foot with digitgrade posture
Intertarsal ankly joint
Hollow pneumatised bones
Differences between theropod disnosaurs and birds
Feathers
Endothermy
What is a microraptor gui
Four winged dinosaur from China
How long ago did the microraptor live
124-128 MYA
What type of dinosaur is the microraptor gui
Theropod dinosaur
What does the microraptor gui share with birds
Tail feathers
Hind limbs
Fore limbs
What did feathers evolve from and how do we know
Scales - both made of beta keratin
What were the stages of feather formation
Single hollow filament
Downy tuft formed by several filaments
Formation of central shaft with barbs
Evolution of barbels which cross link barbs, forming flight feathers
Deinonychosaurs had feathers what does this mean
Feathers evolved before birds
Deinonychosaurs are the sister taxa if what
Birds
What type of feathers do birds and deinonychosaurs have
Branches
Bilaterally branched
Symmetrical
Asymmetrical
How were feathers from 99MYA preserved
By the pine resin in the Amber it was concealed it
How were they able to reconstruct the anchiornis Huxleyi image
Laser techniques determined feather colour
What do they think the red crest in anchiornis huxleyi was used for
Sexual selection
What is a anchiornis huxleyi
Jurassic troodontid
