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Life on Earth > Birds are Dinosaurs > Flashcards

Birds are Dinosaurs Flashcards

1
Q

Classify the calypte Anna

A 
Kingdom animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class aves 
Order apodiformes
Family trochilidae
Genus calypte
Species calypte Anna
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2
Q

Why do hummingbirds have small legs

A

Spend most of their time on wings

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3
Q

Describe the anatomy of the archaeopteryx

A

Toothed beak
Wing claw
Airfoil wing with contour feathers
Long tail with many vertebrae

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4
Q

Describe the differences in modern birds compared to the archaeopteryx

A

No wing claws
Fingers are reduced
No teeth
Short stumpy tail bone and the rest is feathers

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5
Q

What are the four hypothesis that suggest birds and related to crocodiles

A

Birds split from reptiles very early on
Closely related to crocodiles and ancestral crocodiles looked very different to modern day crocodiles
Related to stegosaurus
Related to triceratops

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6
Q

What two ancestors did baron et al link

A

Theropod and ornithischians

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7
Q

Why was the archaeopteryx first miss classified as a dinosaur

A

The feathers were not well preserved

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8
Q

What is phylogeny

A

The evolutionary history of an organism of group of organisms

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9
Q

What is cladistics

A

Method of classification using hypothesis evolutionary relationships among organisms

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10
Q

What does phylogenetic classification provide

A

Explicit and testable hypotheses of organisms relationships

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11
Q

What basic assumptions does cladistics make

A

Members of the same clade share unique features which were not present in distant ancestors

Members of the same clade are more closely related to each other than other organisms

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12
Q

Cladpograms are

A

Diagrams show the relationship of species not evolutionary tree

Diagrams which have the same about of trees and species

The best diagram requires the fewest evolutionary changes

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13
Q

Best supported cladogram regarding pierolapithecus goes in what order

A

Pierolapithecus
Gorilla
Chimp
Human

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14
Q

What is the sister taxa of dinosaurs

A

Birds

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15
Q

Birds are part of what taxa

A

Dinosaur

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16
Q

What taxa is the dinosaur taxa in

A

Reptile

17
Q

How do we know T. rex is related to chickens

A

Colleges from T. rex bones is more similar to bird collagen then any other animal collagen

18
Q

What are dromaeosaurs

A

Velociraptor

19
Q

What’s the closest thing to a bird

A

Velociraptor- dromaeosaur

20
Q

What similarities are shared between birds and theropod dinosaurs

A

Elongate , mobile s shaped neck

Tridactly foot with digitgrade posture

Intertarsal ankly joint

Hollow pneumatised bones

21
Q

Differences between theropod disnosaurs and birds

A

Feathers

Endothermy

22
Q

What is a microraptor gui

A

Four winged dinosaur from China

23
Q

How long ago did the microraptor live

A

124-128 MYA

24
Q

What type of dinosaur is the microraptor gui

A

Theropod dinosaur

25
Q

What does the microraptor gui share with birds

A

Tail feathers
Hind limbs
Fore limbs

26
Q

What did feathers evolve from and how do we know

A

Scales - both made of beta keratin

27
Q

What were the stages of feather formation

A

Single hollow filament
Downy tuft formed by several filaments
Formation of central shaft with barbs
Evolution of barbels which cross link barbs, forming flight feathers

28
Q

Deinonychosaurs had feathers what does this mean

A

Feathers evolved before birds

29
Q

Deinonychosaurs are the sister taxa if what

A

Birds

30
Q

What type of feathers do birds and deinonychosaurs have

A

Branches
Bilaterally branched
Symmetrical
Asymmetrical

31
Q

How were feathers from 99MYA preserved

A

By the pine resin in the Amber it was concealed it

32
Q

How were they able to reconstruct the anchiornis Huxleyi image

A

Laser techniques determined feather colour

33
Q

What do they think the red crest in anchiornis huxleyi was used for

A

Sexual selection

34
Q

What is a anchiornis huxleyi

A

Jurassic troodontid

Life on Earth (18 decks)

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