Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Life on Earth > Chloroxygenic Organisms > Flashcards

Chloroxygenic Organisms Flashcards

1
Q

What are stromatolites

A

Rocklike structures composed of many layers of Cyanobacteria and sediment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the oldest fossils on record

A

Stromatolites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name four red lineage microalgae

A

Diatoms
Dinoflagellates
Haptophytes
cryptophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name 2 red lineage macroalgae

A

Brown seaweed

Red seaweed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why did the first organisms carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis

A

They were anaerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where do the electrons for anoxygenic photosynthesis come from

A

H2S

S2O3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of photosynthesis is carried out by chloroxygenic bacteria

A

Oxygenic photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What caused the mass extinction of anaerobic bacteria

A

The production of oxygen as a result of the chloroxygenic bacteria undergoing oxygenic photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the great oxidation event

A

The mass extinction of Anaerobic bacteria as a result of chloroxygenic bacteria producing oxygen when undergoing oxygenic photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why did it take 500 million years for oxygen levels to increase

A

Because the iron in hydrothermal vents kept reacting with the oxygen forming iron oxide - as a result the oxygen was trapped in the sea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What forms rust

A

Iron oxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What did chloroxygenic bacteria evolve from

A

Gram negative flagellated bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Advantages of Cyanobacteria

A 
Nitrogen fixation - soil fertility
Reduces CO2
Symbiosis with plants, sponges, fungi
Bioactive compounds for medicine
Renewable energy’s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Disadvantages of Cyanobacteria

A

Toxic blooms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is nodularin

A

Cyanobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does nodularin do

A

Causes liver damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is bangiomorpha

A

Choloroxygenic eukaryote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How were chloroxygenic eukaryotes formed

A

Phagocyte Engulfed Cyanobacteria
Bacterial genes transferred to host dna
Host proteins imported to Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria became chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is nodularin ingested

A

Untreated drinking water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the chromalveolate hypothesis

A

Only one secondary endosymbiosis event occurred in the red algae lineage to form all groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the portable plastic hypothesis

A

Multiple secondary endosymbiosis events occurred in the red algae lineage to form all groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What makes up the red lineage microalgae

A

Diatoms
Haptophytes
Cryptophytes
Dinoflagellates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What makes up the red lineage macroalgae

A

Brown seaweeds

Red seaweeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the polysaccharide wall of red seaweed made of

A

Agar and carrageenan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is red seaweed used in

A

Sushi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What do brown seaweeds contain

A

Biosctive compounds called fucoidan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the polysaccharide wall of brown seaweed made of

A

Alginate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Fucoidans are found where

A

Intertidal zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Fucoids are

A

Brown seaweed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Kelps are found where

A

Subliteral zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Kelps are

A

Brown seaweed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are diatom cells enclosed in

A

Sillia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What % of global carbon fixation is as a result of diatoms

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Radiolaria are part of which algae group

A

Rhizaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Foramifera are part of which algae group

36
Q

What is the radiolaria skeleton made of

37
Q

What are radiolaria

A

Zooplankton Protozoa

38
Q

What are foramifera

A

Benthic amoeboid protists

39
Q

What are chlorophyta

A

Green algae

40
Q

What are prasinophytes

A

Chlorophyta - green algae

41
Q

What are strepophyta

A

Green algae

42
Q

What are ulvophyceae

A

Chlorophyta - green seaweeds

43
Q

What are charophytes

A

Streptophyta - green algae

44
Q

How many marine species of green algae

45
Q

How many marine flora of green algae

46
Q

What is the earliest diverging modern green algae

A

Prasinophyte

47
Q

Describe the structure of prasinophytes

A

All have green plastids

Some phagotrophic

48
Q

Ulva lactuca is a

A

Ulvophyceae

49
Q

Why were early life forms restricted to sub surface waters

A

For protection

There were high levels of solar UVR which is damaging to dna. Sub surface waters were the only place with low levels of uvr

50
Q

How was the ozone layer made

A

Oxygen reacted with uv radiation

51
Q

What did the ozone layer mean for algae

A

Reduced uvr levels so organisms could inhabit shallower waters and land

52
Q

Unifying chloroplast traits between charophytes and land plants

A 
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b
Beta cerotene
Synthesis and storage of starch in stroma
Thylakoids stacked as grabs
Dna
53
Q

Unifytraits between charophytes and land plants

A

2 flagella I’d equal length in motile cells
Chloroplasts
Light harvesting complexes
Cellulose content and structure
Nuclear coding of certain chloroplast functions

54
Q

What % of cellulose is present in charophytes and land plants

55
Q

What is sporopollenin

A

A layer of durable polymer that prevents exposed zygotes from drying out

56
Q

How do charophytes survive drying out periods

A

Due to their sporopollenin

57
Q

When did land plants evolve

A

480-430 million years ago

58
Q

Advantages of living on land

A

Lots of sun
Lots of co2
Nutrient rich soil
Fewer herbivores or pathogens

59
Q

Which were the first land plants

60
Q

Which bryophyte is most closely related to earliest land plants

61
Q

Why do cuticles stop Water loss

A

Hydrophobic and impermeable to water

62
Q

Advantages of gametangia

A

Prevents dehydration

Reduced exposure to air

63
Q

Why does photosynthesis use h2o and co2

A 
Abdundant
Doesn’t use much energy to obtain then
Stable
Not toxic
Combination of CO2 and H2O to form CHO is a good store of energy
64
Q

What is macrocystis algae used for

65
Q

What is laminaria algae used for

66
Q

What is ascophyllum algae used for

67
Q

What is gelidium algae used for

68
Q

What is gracilaria algae used for

69
Q

What is pterocladia algae used for

70
Q

What is eucheuma algae used for

A

Carrageenan

71
Q

What is kappaphycus algae used for

A

Carrageenan

72
Q

What is chondrus algae used for

A

Carrageenan

73
Q

What is E400 alginate used for

A

Thickeners and gelling agents
Setting jams or jellies and sauces, yoghurts, syrups etc
Binding agent for products made from reconstructed nest
Prevents formation of large ice crystals in ice creams

74
Q

What is E406 agar used for

A 
Gelling agent and stabiliser
For:
Jelly
Ice cream
Glazes 
Pie fillings
Yoghurt
Sauces
Meat
Spreads
Drinks
75
Q

What type of food is E406 agar used in

A

Healthy and vegan

76
Q

What is E407 carageenan used for

A

Food additive
K-carageenan in cheese ice cream and chocolate milk
Vegetarian alternative to gelatin
Low fat alternative to pectin in fruit jellies
Fat replacement in burgers

77
Q

What seaweeds make up the kombu diet

A

Saccharina japonica

Phaeophyceae

78
Q

What seaweed makes up the wakame diet

A

Undaria pinnatifida

Phaeophyceae

79
Q

What seaweed makes up the nori diet

A

Porphyra species

Rhodophyceae

80
Q

What seaweed makes up the hijiki diet

A

Hisikia fusiformis

Phaeophyceae

81
Q

Who eats seaweed

A 
SE Asia
Japan
China
Korea
Pacific and India ocean islands
82
Q

Why use seaweed as food

A 
Can be used in differeant ways - soup salad etc
Adds colour
Adds texture
Flavour enhancer
High nutritional value
83
Q

What vitamins are in seaweed

A 
A
B1
B2
B6
B12
C
E
84
Q

How much protein in seaweed

85
Q

Is seaweed low in saturated fats

86
Q

Doe seaweed have fibre and antioxidants

Life on Earth (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions