Chloroxygenic Organisms Flashcards
What are stromatolites
Rocklike structures composed of many layers of Cyanobacteria and sediment
What are the oldest fossils on record
Stromatolites
Name four red lineage microalgae
Diatoms
Dinoflagellates
Haptophytes
cryptophytes
Name 2 red lineage macroalgae
Brown seaweed
Red seaweed
Why did the first organisms carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis
They were anaerobic
Where do the electrons for anoxygenic photosynthesis come from
H2S
S2O3
What type of photosynthesis is carried out by chloroxygenic bacteria
Oxygenic photosynthesis
What caused the mass extinction of anaerobic bacteria
The production of oxygen as a result of the chloroxygenic bacteria undergoing oxygenic photosynthesis
What is the great oxidation event
The mass extinction of Anaerobic bacteria as a result of chloroxygenic bacteria producing oxygen when undergoing oxygenic photosynthesis
Why did it take 500 million years for oxygen levels to increase
Because the iron in hydrothermal vents kept reacting with the oxygen forming iron oxide - as a result the oxygen was trapped in the sea
What forms rust
Iron oxide
What did chloroxygenic bacteria evolve from
Gram negative flagellated bacteria
Advantages of Cyanobacteria
Nitrogen fixation - soil fertility Reduces CO2 Symbiosis with plants, sponges, fungi Bioactive compounds for medicine Renewable energy’s
Disadvantages of Cyanobacteria
Toxic blooms
What is nodularin
Cyanobacteria
What does nodularin do
Causes liver damage
What is bangiomorpha
Choloroxygenic eukaryote
How were chloroxygenic eukaryotes formed
Phagocyte Engulfed Cyanobacteria
Bacterial genes transferred to host dna
Host proteins imported to Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria became chloroplast
How is nodularin ingested
Untreated drinking water
What is the chromalveolate hypothesis
Only one secondary endosymbiosis event occurred in the red algae lineage to form all groups
What is the portable plastic hypothesis
Multiple secondary endosymbiosis events occurred in the red algae lineage to form all groups
What makes up the red lineage microalgae
Diatoms
Haptophytes
Cryptophytes
Dinoflagellates
What makes up the red lineage macroalgae
Brown seaweeds
Red seaweeds
What is the polysaccharide wall of red seaweed made of
Agar and carrageenan
What is red seaweed used in
Sushi
What do brown seaweeds contain
Biosctive compounds called fucoidan
What is the polysaccharide wall of brown seaweed made of
Alginate
Fucoidans are found where
Intertidal zones
Fucoids are
Brown seaweed
Kelps are found where
Subliteral zones
Kelps are
Brown seaweed
What are diatom cells enclosed in
Sillia
What % of global carbon fixation is as a result of diatoms
20%
Radiolaria are part of which algae group
Rhizaria