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Otorhinolaryngology > ENT Emergencies > Flashcards

ENT Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

what should you exclude in nasal trauma?

A

septal haematoma

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2
Q

is investigations necessary in nasal fractures?

A

no

diagnosis is purely clinical

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3
Q

consider digital ______________ in a nasal fracture in <3 weeks

A

consider digital MANIPULATION in a nasal fracture in <3 weeks

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4
Q

epistaxis is usually from which artery?

A

anterior ethmoid artery

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5
Q

the anterior and posterior ethmoidal artery are branches of what artery?

A

internal carotid artery

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6
Q

the greater palatine and sphenopalatine artery are both branches of what artery?

A

external carotid artery

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7
Q

what are the first aid measures in the management of epistaxis? (4)

A

external pressure to nose

ice

cautery

nasal packing

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8
Q

what do you use to arrest/slow flow in epistaxis?

A

pressure
ice
topical vasoconstrictor +/- LA

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9
Q

CSF leaks often settle spontaneously

true or false?

A

true

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10
Q

name the common ENT emergency in rugby players

A

pinna haematoma (cauliflower ear)

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11
Q

pinna haematoma treatment?

A

aspirate
incision and drainage
pressure dressing

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12
Q

laceration to ear management?

A

debridement
closure - primary or reconstruction
LA

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13
Q

when should you use antibiotics in an ear laceration?

A

when you can see cartilage

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14
Q

name the 2 types of temporal bone fracture

A

longitudinal or transverse

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15
Q

what is the name for bruising behind the ear?

A

battle sign

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16
Q

name the nerve associated in battle sign

A

VII

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17
Q

lateral blows results in what type of temporal bone fracture?

A

longitudinal

18
Q

frontal blows results in what type of temporal bone fracture?

A

transverse

19
Q

longitudinal or transverse:

otic capsule involvement

A

transverse

20
Q

longitudinal or transverse:

otic capsule sparing

A

longitudinal

21
Q

longitudinal or transverse:

fracture line parallels the long axis of the petrous pyramid

A

longitudinal

22
Q

longitudinal or transverse:

harm-tympanum and ossicualr chain disruption resulting in conductive deafness

A

longitudinal

23
Q

longitudinal or transverse:

fracture at right angles to the long axis of the petrous pyramid

A

transverse

24
Q

longitudinal or transverse:

sensorineural hearing loss due to damage to 8th cranial nerve

A

transverse

25
Q

longitudinal or transverse:

cross the internal acoustic meatus causing damage to auditory and facial nerves

A

transverse

26
Q

longitudinal or transverse:

facial nerve palsy and vertigo

A

transverse

27
Q

longitudinal or transverse:

80% -
20% -

A

80% - longitudinal

20% - transverse

28
Q

longitudinal or transverse:

bleeding of external ear

A

longitudinal

29
Q

what test is performed in sudden sensorineural hearing loss?

A

weber test

30
Q

what drug is given in sudden sensorineural hearing loss?

A

steroids - prednisolone 1mg per kg for a week

31
Q

foreign bodies can normally wait for removal unless the foreign body is what?

A

a watch battery

32
Q

how do you remove love animals from the ear?

A

drown with oil and remove the next day

33
Q

name the classifications of penetrating neck injuries

A

zone I
zone II
zone III

34
Q

what anatomical features are included in a zone I neck injury

A 
trachea
oesophagus
thoracic duct
thyroid
spinal cord
brachiocephalic, subclavian, common carotid
35
Q

what anatomical features are included in a zone II neck injury

A 
larynx
hypoharynx
CN 10,11,12
carotids and internal jugular
spinal cord
36
Q

what anatomical features are included in a zone III neck injury

A

pharynx
cranial nerves
carotids, IJV, vertebral
spinal cord

37
Q

what structure must the injury go through to be classed as a penetrating injury of the neck?

A

platysma

38
Q

name the 2 areas affected in deep neck infection

A

parotid

parapharyngeal space

39
Q

deep space neck infection treatment?

A

fluids
IV antibiotics
incision and drainage

40
Q

in blow out fractures of the skull, what sign is seen on CT?

A

tear drop sign

Otorhinolaryngology (17 decks)

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