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Otorhinolaryngology > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

name the 3 main groups the mesoderm is organised into

A

paraxial plate
intermediate plate
lateral plate

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2
Q

name the 2 types of folding

A

folding - tube within a tube

lateral folding
craniocaudal

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3
Q

lateral folding is axial/sagittal

craniocaudal folding is axial/sagittal

A

lateral folding is axial

craniocaudal folding is sagittal

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4
Q

name the arches that develop in all vertebrates

A

pharyngeal arches

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5
Q

what weeks do the pharyngeal arches develop in?

A

week 4 and 5

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6
Q

name the pharyngeal arches

A 
arch 1
arch 2
arch 3
arch 4
arch 6

arch 5 is missing!

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7
Q

name the days that the following arches develop:

(a) arch 1
(b) arch 2 + 3
(c) arch 4 + 6

A

(a) arch 1 - day 22
(b) arch 2 + 3 - day 24
(c) arch 4 + 6 -day 29

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8
Q

name the 3 components of the pharyngeal apparatus

A
  1. core pharyngeal arch (Mesenchymal tissue)
  2. external pharyngeal cleft (Ectoderm)
  3. internal pharyngeal pouch (Endoderm)
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9
Q

clefts and pouches _________ arches

A

clefts and pouches SEPARATE arches

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10
Q

each pharyngeal arch consists of:

  1. ______ crest cells
  2. cranial ______ component
  3. artery
A

each pharyngeal arch consists of:

  1. NEURAL crest cells
  2. cranial NERVE component
  3. artery
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11
Q

name the innervation to each of the following arches:

  1. 1st
  2. 2nd
  3. 3rd
  4. 4th-6th
A
  1. 1st - CN V2 and 3
  2. 2nd - VII
  3. 3rd - IX
  4. 4th-6th - X
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12
Q

name the 2 processes from the 1st arch

A

maxillary process (cranial) and mandibular process (caudal)

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13
Q

the mandibular process forms ________ cartilage

A

the mandibular process forms MECKEL’S cartilage

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14
Q

the cartilage of the 2nd arch is __________ cartilage

A

the cartilage of the 2nd arch is REICHERT’S cartilage

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15
Q

name the cleft the external acoustic meatus is from

A

1st cleft

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16
Q

what happens to the 2nd-4th clefts?

A

disappear

17
Q

how many pharyngeal pouches are there?

A

4 - 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

18
Q

name what is derived from each of the following pharyngeal pouches:

1st
2nd
3rd
4th

A

1st - middle ear
2nd - palatine tonsil
3rd - thymus and INF. parathyroid gland
4th - SUP. parathyroid gland

19
Q

otic ________ –> otic ___ –> otic _______

A

otic PLACODE –> otic PIT –> otic VESICLE

20
Q

development of the inner ear:

_________ portion give rise to the semicircular canals

________ portion gives rise to the cochlear

A

development of the inner ear:

UTRICULAR portion give rise to the semicircular canals

SACCULAR portion gives rise to the cochlear

21
Q

name the:

(a) dilated end of the semicircular canal
(b) non-dilated end of the semicircular canal

A

(a) dilated end of the semicircular canal = CRUS AMPULLARE

(b) non-dilated end of the semicircular canal = CRISTA AMPULLARIS

22
Q

there are 5 swellings present from week _

A

there are 5 swellings present from week 6

23
Q

the stromodeum surrounds what?

A

primitive oral cavity

24
Q

ectodermal thickenings on the frontonasal prominence forms the _____ ________

A

ectodermal thickenings on the frontonasal prominence forms the NASAL PLACODES

25
Q

how many additional nasal swellings develop on the frontonasal prominence in week 5?

A

4 - 2x medial and 4x lateral

26
Q

what does the nasolacrimal groove make?

A

nasolacrimal duct

27
Q

what weeks does development of the palate take place?

A

week 7 - week 10

28
Q

from late week 5 to early week 7:

nasal ____ deepen -> nasal ___ -> nasal ___ -> primitive _______ -> ________ choanae

A

from late week 5 to early week 7:

nasal PITS deepen -> nasal FIN -> nasal SAC -> primitive CHOANAE -> DEFINITIVE choanae

29
Q

name the 3 errors of fusion of the palate

A
  1. cleft lip
  2. cleft palate
  3. cleft lip and palate
30
Q

cleft palate is more common in male/female as palate formation is delayed a week in males/females

A

cleft palate is more common in FEMALES as palate formation is delayed a week in FEMALES

Otorhinolaryngology (17 decks)

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