Embryology Flashcards
name the 3 main groups the mesoderm is organised into
paraxial plate
intermediate plate
lateral plate
name the 2 types of folding
folding - tube within a tube
lateral folding
craniocaudal
lateral folding is axial/sagittal
craniocaudal folding is axial/sagittal
lateral folding is axial
craniocaudal folding is sagittal
name the arches that develop in all vertebrates
pharyngeal arches
what weeks do the pharyngeal arches develop in?
week 4 and 5
name the pharyngeal arches
arch 1 arch 2 arch 3 arch 4 arch 6
arch 5 is missing!
name the days that the following arches develop:
(a) arch 1
(b) arch 2 + 3
(c) arch 4 + 6
(a) arch 1 - day 22
(b) arch 2 + 3 - day 24
(c) arch 4 + 6 -day 29
name the 3 components of the pharyngeal apparatus
- core pharyngeal arch (Mesenchymal tissue)
- external pharyngeal cleft (Ectoderm)
- internal pharyngeal pouch (Endoderm)
clefts and pouches _________ arches
clefts and pouches SEPARATE arches
each pharyngeal arch consists of:
- ______ crest cells
- cranial ______ component
- artery
each pharyngeal arch consists of:
- NEURAL crest cells
- cranial NERVE component
- artery
name the innervation to each of the following arches:
- 1st
- 2nd
- 3rd
- 4th-6th
- 1st - CN V2 and 3
- 2nd - VII
- 3rd - IX
- 4th-6th - X
name the 2 processes from the 1st arch
maxillary process (cranial) and mandibular process (caudal)
the mandibular process forms ________ cartilage
the mandibular process forms MECKEL’S cartilage
the cartilage of the 2nd arch is __________ cartilage
the cartilage of the 2nd arch is REICHERT’S cartilage
name the cleft the external acoustic meatus is from
1st cleft
what happens to the 2nd-4th clefts?
disappear
how many pharyngeal pouches are there?
4 - 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
name what is derived from each of the following pharyngeal pouches:
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st - middle ear
2nd - palatine tonsil
3rd - thymus and INF. parathyroid gland
4th - SUP. parathyroid gland
otic ________ –> otic ___ –> otic _______
otic PLACODE –> otic PIT –> otic VESICLE
development of the inner ear:
_________ portion give rise to the semicircular canals
________ portion gives rise to the cochlear
development of the inner ear:
UTRICULAR portion give rise to the semicircular canals
SACCULAR portion gives rise to the cochlear
name the:
(a) dilated end of the semicircular canal
(b) non-dilated end of the semicircular canal
(a) dilated end of the semicircular canal = CRUS AMPULLARE
(b) non-dilated end of the semicircular canal = CRISTA AMPULLARIS
there are 5 swellings present from week _
there are 5 swellings present from week 6
the stromodeum surrounds what?
primitive oral cavity
ectodermal thickenings on the frontonasal prominence forms the _____ ________
ectodermal thickenings on the frontonasal prominence forms the NASAL PLACODES
how many additional nasal swellings develop on the frontonasal prominence in week 5?
4 - 2x medial and 4x lateral
what does the nasolacrimal groove make?
nasolacrimal duct
what weeks does development of the palate take place?
week 7 - week 10
from late week 5 to early week 7:
nasal ____ deepen -> nasal ___ -> nasal ___ -> primitive _______ -> ________ choanae
from late week 5 to early week 7:
nasal PITS deepen -> nasal FIN -> nasal SAC -> primitive CHOANAE -> DEFINITIVE choanae
name the 3 errors of fusion of the palate
- cleft lip
- cleft palate
- cleft lip and palate
cleft palate is more common in male/female as palate formation is delayed a week in males/females
cleft palate is more common in FEMALES as palate formation is delayed a week in FEMALES
