Anatomy - Palate & Pharynx Flashcards
what is located between the lips and teeth?
oral vestibule
what is the boundary between the nasal cavity and the nasopharyngeal called?
choana
what attaches the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity?
frenulum
what is the bump on the frenulum called?
sublingual caruncle - opening for submandibular glands
what does the sublingual fold secrete?
sticky saliva
name the 2 muscles of the floor the mouth - ‘muscular diaphragm’
geniohyoid and mylohyoid
what is the innervation of the following muscles:
(a) geniohyoid
(b) mylohyoid
(a) geniohyoid - C1 via hypoglossal nerve
(b) mylohyoid - CN V3
name the 3 bilateral pairs of major glands of the head
parotid
submandibular
sublingual
what the role of the minor glands of the head?
keep mouth moist
where does the parotid duct secrete its contents into the mouth?
upper 2nd molar
where does the submandibular duct secrete its contents into the mouth?
lingual caruncle
where does the sublingual duct secrete its contents into the mouth?
several ducts superiorly
name the innervation of the following salivary glands:
(a) sublingual
(b) submandibular
(c) parotid
(a) sublingual - CN VII
(b) submandibular - CN VII (para)
both via chorda tympani
(c) parotid - CN IX that synapses at otic ganglion
name the 4 types of papillae on the tongue from posterior to anterior
- foliate
- vallate
- fungiform
- filiform
which of the 4 papillae do NOT contain taste buds?
filiform - touch and temperature
what is the innervation of the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?
CN IX
what is innervation of the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue:
general sensory -
taste -
what is innervation of the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue:
general sensory - CN V3
taste - VII
where does the thyroid originate and where does it descend through?
originates - pharynx
descends through - foramen caecum
name the 4 extrinsic muscle of the tongue
palatoglossus
styloglossus
genioglossus
hypoglossus
state the function of the following muscles:
(a) 4 extrinsic muscles of tongue
(b) 4 pairs of intrinsic muscles of tongue
(a) 4 extrinsic muscles of tongue - change positions tongue
(b) 4 pairs of intrinsic muscles of tongue - modify shape of the tongue
where does CN XII connect with the brain?
medulla oblongata
where does CN XII leave the base of the skull?
hypoglossal canal (ant. wall of foramen magnum)
what does CN XII descend down?
neck, lateral to carotid sheath and leaves at hyoid bone level
how do you test CN XII?
point tongue straight out
in a unilateral damage of CN XII, where will the tongue point?
TOWARDS the side of injured nerve
in regards to the tongue:
arteries pass ______ to the hypoglossus
______ pass lateral to the hypoglossus
arteries pass MEDIAL to the hypoglossus
NERVES pass lateral to the hypoglossus
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) passes anteriorly through the neck _______ to the “loop” of the lingual artery
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) passes anteriorly through the neck LATERAL to the “loop” of the lingual artery
there is non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium of the ____ palate
and
____________ stratified squamous epithelium of the hard palate
there is non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium of the SOFT palate
and
KERATINISED stratified squamous epithelium of the hard palate
name the 4 bones of the lateral wall of the right nasal cavity from anterior to posterior
palatine process of maxilla
palatine bone
medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
pterygoid hamulus
name the 5 muscles of the soft palate
tensor veli palatini levator veli palatini musculus uvulae palatoglossus palatopharyngeus
the 5 muscles of the soft palate are _________ in nature
the 5 muscles of the soft palate are SKELETAL in nature
name the innervation of the skeletal muscles of he soft palate
tensor veli palatini - V3 levator veli palatini - CN X musculus uvulae - CN X palatoglossus - CN X palatopharyngeus - CN X
state the muscle of the soft palate that…
(a) shortens the uvula
(b) brings tongue and soft palate together
(c) lifts palatine aponeurosis
(d) tenses palatine aponeurosis
(e) lifts pharynx and thyroid cartilage
a) shortens the uvula - MUSCULUS UVULAE
(b) brings tongue and soft palate together - PALATOGLOSSUS
(c) lifts palatine aponeurosis - LEVATOR VELI PALATINI
(d) tenses palatine aponeurosis - TENSOR VELI PALATINI
(e) lifts pharynx and thyroid cartilage - PALATOPHARNGEUS
the soft palate functions as what?
trapdoor
what nerve are you testing when you ask the patient to say ‘aahh’?
CN X
what should happen to the uvula when testing CN X if the nerves are functioning normally?
uvula should lift straight up in the MIDLINE
if there is nerve damage to CN X, the uvula will be pulled ____ from the non functioning side
if there is nerve damage to CN X, the uvula will be pulled AWAY from the non functioning side
the muscles of the pharynx can be broken into 2 layers - name them
outer circular layer
inner longitudinal layer
name the 3 muscles of the outer circular layer of the pharynx
- superior pharyngeal constrictor
- middle pharyngeal constrictor
- inferior pharyngeal constrictor
name the 3 paired muscles of the inner longitudinal layer of the pharynx
stylopharyngeus
palatopharyngeus
salpingopharyngeus
name the innvervation of the muscles of the pharynx
hint: all bar one
all CN X apart from stylopharyngeus - IX
name the posterior attachment of the following muscles of the pharynx:
- superior constrictor
- middle constrictor
- inferior constrictor
- superior constrictor:
pterygoid hamulus
pterygomandibular raphe
mylohyoid line
- middle constrictor:
greater horn of hyoid
- inferior constrictor:
thyroid and cricoid cartilage
what is the gaps between the outer circular muscles of the pharynx called and what nerve, artery and muscle passed through it?
‘gateway to the mouth’
CN IX
lingual artery
stylopharyngeus
the outer circular muscles of the pharynx are innervated by CN __ via the __________ plexus and all the muscles inset onto the midline _____
the outer circular muscles of the pharynx are innervated by CN X via the PHARYNGEAL plexus and all the muscles inset onto the midline RAPHE
name the only muscle of the pharynx that is supplied by CN IX
stylopharyngeus
all inner longitudinal muscles of the pharynx insert onto the posterior border of the ________ _________ - there function is to _______ the pharynx and larynx
all inner longitudinal muscles of the pharynx insert onto the posterior border of the THYROID CARTILAGE - there function is to ELEVATE the pharynx and larynx
name the pharyngeal features of the nasopharynx:
(a) choanae
(b) torus _________
(c) ___________ recess
(d) salpingopharyngeal ____
(e) opening for ____________ tube
(a) choanae
(b) torus TUBARIUS
(c) PHARYNGEAL recess
(d) salpingopharyngeal FOLD
(e) opening for EUSTACHIAN tube
name the pharyngeal features of the oropharynx:
(a) palatine ______
(b) palatoglossal ____
(c) palatopharyngeal ____
(d) lingual ______
(a) palatine TONSIL
(b) palatoglossal ARCH
(c) palatopharyngeal ARCH
(d) lingual TONSIL
name the pharyngeal features of the laryngopharynx:
a) laryngeal _______ (inlet
(b) piriform _____ (recess)
(a) laryngeal ADITIUS (inlet)
b) piriform FOSSA (recess
name the tonsillar ring that is used as defence against invading pathogens
waldeyer’s tonsillar ring
within the mucosa of the nasopharynx and oropharynx
_________ nodes are the group of lymph nodes that first receive the lymph that has drained from a given structure
REGIONAL nodes are the group of lymph nodes that first receive the lymph that has drained from a given structure
name the nodes anterior to the external ear
retropharyngeal nodes in the retropharyngeal space
name the node that drains the palatine tonsil
jugulo-digastric
name the nodes in the carotid sheath
deep cervical nodes
name the nodes that lymph from the tip of the tongue drain to
submental nodes
name the nodes in the neck posterior to the mental process of the mandible
submental nodes
lymph nodes that are swollen, not painful, hard, irregular and fixed suggest what?
cancer
lymph nodes that are swollen, painful, soft, smooth, not fixed suggest what?
infection
improve with antibiotics
name the nodes that are palpated in an examination
submental submandibular parotid mastoid occipital deep cervical superficial cervical nodes
who’s gonna learn all this shit and forget it the day after the exam?
me:)
