Anatomy - Ear Flashcards by Matthew Turnbull

name the 3 divisions of the ear

external
middle
inner

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name the 2 functional divisions of the ear

hearing - auditory

balance - vestibular

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the ear is located in what bone?

temporal bone

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the temporal bone contains which 2 nerves?

CN VII and CN VIII

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on lateral view of the temporal bone, name the 4 important features

external acoustic meatus
mastoid process
styloid process
zygomatic process

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name the H shaped suture of the skull and name the 4 bones it connects

pterion

parietal
frontal
temporal
sphenoid

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what does petrous mean?

rock-like

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CN VII and VIII pass through what to exit the cranium?

internal acoustic meatus

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CN VII:

motor to \_\_\_\_
motor to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
taste to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ _/3rd of tongue
secretomotor to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ glands
sensation to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ear

CN VII:

motor to FACE
motor to STAPEDIUS
taste to ANTEROR 2/3rd of tongue
secretomotor to SALIVARY and LACRIMAL glands
sensation to EXTERNAL ear

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name the part of the ear:

tympanic membrane to oval window

also Eustachian tube

amplifies & conducts sound waves to the internal ear

middle ear

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name the part of the ear:

auricle to tympanic membrane

via external acoustic meatus

collects and conveys sound waves to tympanic membrane

external ear

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name the part of the ear:

oval window to internal acoustic meatus

converts special sensory information

into fluid waves
then APs
conducts APs to brain

internal ear

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where does the ear canal begin?

external acoustic meatus

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the ear canal is composed of _/3rd cartilage and -/3rd bone

the ear canal is composed of 1/3rd cartilage and 2/3rd bone

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the ear canal is lined with what?

skin

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what glands produce earwax?

ceruminous glands

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name the 2 parts to the temporal bone

squamous part and petrous part

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name the 6 parts to the auricle/pinna

helix
anti-helix
concha
tragus
anti-tragus
eat lobe

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innervation to the auricle/pinna:

C2,3
CN VII
CN V3
CN X

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lymphatic drainage of the auricle:

all eventually drain to where then where?

deep cervical lymph nodes then thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct

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what direction do you pull the auricle when examining the middle ear with a otoscope? adult and child?

posteroinferiorly in child

posterosuperiorly in adult

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name the thick and name the thin part of the tympanic membrane on the posteriorinferior and superior aspect of it respectively

superior - pars flaccida - thin

posteroinferorly - pars tensa - thick

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name the most inwardly depressed part of the tympanic membrane

umbo

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name the general sensory innervation of the internal and external surface of the tympanic membrane

internal - CN IX

external - CN V3 and X

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name the sensory innervation to the middle ear cavity, Eustachian tube, nasopharynx, oropharynx, tonsils

CN XI

the eustachian tube connects the tympanic cavity to the lateral wall of the ______________

the eustachian tube connects the tympanic cavity to the lateral wall of the NASOPHARYNX

name the 3 bones of the middle ear

malleus incus stapes

name the 2 muscles of the middle ear

stapedius (smallest skeletal muscle in the body) tensor tympani

the middle ear is supplied by nerve branches from what 2 nerves?

facial nerve and glossopharyngeal

what type of joints are between the bones of the middle ear?

synovial joints

the base of the stapes fits into what?

the oval window - connection of middle to inner ear

state the innervation of the stapedius muscle

CN VII

mastoiditis is due to spread of infection from the ______ ear cavity

mastoiditis is due to spread of infection from the MIDDLE ear cavity

the aditus is the doorway into the ________ antrum from the epitympanic recess

the aditus is the doorway into the MASTOID antrum from the epitympanic recess

the auditory and pharyngotympanic tube are other words for what?

eustachian tube

what does the Eustachian tube connect?

anterior wall of the middle ear cavity to nasopharynx

name the common sensory nerve supply of the eustachian tube

CN IX

name the sensory innervation of the naso and oropharynx

CN IX

name the sensory innervation of the laryngopharynx

CN X

where is the opening of the Eustachian tube?

nasopharynx

where does CN VII connect to the CNS?

brainstem at the pontomedullary junction

where does CN VII leave the skull?

stylomastoid foramen

where does CN VII travel through before emerging out the stylomastoid foramen?

internal acoustic meatus

what connects the internal acoustic meatus to the stylomastoid foramen in which CN VII travels through?

facial canal of the petrous temporal bone

chordates tympani is a branch of what nerve?

CN VII

what nerve supplies taste to anterior 2/3rd of tongue and parasympathetic supply to the submandibular & sublingual salivary glands (salivation)?

chorda tympani

what muscle reduces stapes movement to protect the internal ear from excessive noise?

stapedius

what nerve does chorda tympani connect with to supply the salivary glands?

lingual nerve branch of CN V3

what is the border called surrounding the lips?

vermillion border

name the 4 major facial muscles

frontalis orbicularis oculi elevators of lip orbicularis oris

what do you ask the patient to do to test CN VII suppling the facial muscles?

frown close eyes tightly smile maintain puffed out cheeks

CN VIII is in two parts for hearing and balance - name them.

hearing - cochlear nerve | balance - vestibular nerve

in what bone does the otic capsule sit?

temporal bone

what does the otic capsule contain?

bony labyrinth - fluid (perilymph) filled, spaces inside otic capsule

what is suspended within the perilymph of the bony labyrinth?

1. membranous labyrinth 2. communicating sacs and ducts 3. contains endolymph fluid

how many semicircular canals of the labyrinth are there?

name the 3 semicircular canals of the labyrinth

superior lateral posterior

name the 2 windows of the labyrinth

oval window | round window

name the 3 parts to the cochlea

1st turn 2nd turn cupula (apex of spiral) (2.5 turns altogether)

the __________ labyrinth sits within the ____ labyrinth

the MEMBRANOUS labyrinth sits within the BONY labyrinth

name the long balloon-like structure within the cochlea filled with endolymph

cochlear duct

APs conducted in the cochlear duct to the brainstem is via which nerve?

cochlear nerve

name the inter-linked balloon-like structures within the semicircular canals filled with endolymph

semicircular ducts

APs conducted in the semicircular duct to the brainstem is via which nerve?

vestibular nerve

name the dilatations at the end of the semicircular canals

ampullae

clusters of hair cells are in regions called what?

maculae

semicircular ducts detect ________ movement change

semicircular ducts detect ANGULAR movement change

what 2 things detect linear movement change?

urticle and saccule

what detects linear horizontal movement change?

urticle

what detects linear vertical movement change?

saccule

sound transmission: 1. sound waves make ________ membrane vibrate 2. vibrations transmitted through ________ 3. base of stapes vibrates in ____ window 4. vibration of stapes creates pressure waves in _________ 5. hair cells in the cochlea are ______, APs stimulated and conveyed to brain by ________ nerve 6. pressure waves descend and become __________ again 7. pressure waves are dampened at the _____ window

sound transmission: 1. sound waves make TYMPANIC membrane vibrate 2. vibrations transmitted through OSSICLES 3. base of stapes vibrates in OVAL window 4. vibration of stapes creates pressure waves in PERILYMPH 5. hair cells in the cochlea are MOVED, APs stimulated and conveyed to brain by COCHLEAR nerve 6. pressure waves descend and become VIBRATIONS again 7. pressure waves are dampened at the ROUND window

receptor cells in what detect auditory stimuli?

organ of corti

the organ of corti is located where?

basilar membrane of cochlear duct

the cochlear duct is suspended by spiral _________ and divides cochlear canal into ___ parts - name them

the cochlear duct is suspended by spiral LIGAMENTS and divides cochlear canal into TWO parts: SCALA VESTIBULI SCALA TYMPANI

where does CN VIII connect with the CNS?

brainstem at the pontomedullary junction