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Otorhinolaryngology > Anatomy - Larynx > Flashcards

Anatomy - Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

what is the larynx located between?

A

pharynx and trachea

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2
Q

the larynx is enclosed in the _____________ fascia of the neck

A

the larynx is enclosed in the PRETRACHEAL fascia of the neck

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3
Q

what else does the pretracheal fascia enclose?

A 
strap muscles
thyroid gland
trachea and larynx
oesophagus and pharynx
recurrent laryngeal nerves
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4
Q

larynx location:

anterior to what?
between what?
what spinal levels?

A

larynx location:

anterior to laryngopharynx
between the carotid sheath
between C4-C6

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5
Q

which of the following structures are palpable?

  1. manubrium
  2. clavicle
  3. trachea
  4. cricoid cartilage
  5. thyroid cartilage
  6. hyoid bone
  7. mental process of mandible
  8. lower border of mandible
  9. angle of mandible
  10. T1 spinous process
  11. C7 spinous process
  12. cervical vertebrae transverse processes
  13. mastoid process
  14. external occipital protuberance
A

all of them!

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6
Q

the raising of what toward what reduces the chance of aspiration?

A

raising of larynx towards the oesophagus

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7
Q

what is engages if there is aspiration of food particles into the respiratory tract?

A

cough reflex

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8
Q

name the opening into the airway

A

laryngeal inlet

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9
Q

what closes the laryngeal inlet when it moves posteriorly?

A

epiglottis

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10
Q

most people have a _________ septum

A

most people have a DEVIATED septum

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11
Q

what is the feature of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

conchae

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12
Q

the larynx is composed of __________ suspended on what bone?

A

the larynx is composed of CARILAGES suspended on the HYOID bone

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13
Q

what attaches the thyroid cartilage to the hyped bone?

A

thyrohyoid membrane

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14
Q

what is the anatomical word for the Adam’s apple?

A

laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage

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15
Q

the ________ ____ is a part of the thyroid cartilage projecting superiorly from the posterior aspect of the cartilage

A

the SUPERIOR HORN is a part of the thyroid cartilage projecting superiorly from the posterior aspect of the cartilage

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16
Q

name the cartilage immediately inferior to the thyroid cartilage

A

cricoid cartilage

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17
Q

name the joint between the thyroid and cricoid cartilage

A

cricothyroid joint

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18
Q

what part of the thyroid cartilage is in the cricothyroid joint?

A

inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage

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19
Q

what cartilage is situated immediately inferior to the cricoid cartilage?

A

1st tracheal ring

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20
Q

name the pair of cartilages found posterior to the thyroid cartilage

A

arytenoid cartilages

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21
Q

name the joint between the arytenoid and cricoid cartilages

A

cricoarytenoid joint

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22
Q

name the 2 processes found on each arytenoid cartilage

A

muscular and vocal process

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23
Q

in the cricoid pressure manoeuvre, the _______ of the cricoid cartilage compresses the __________ as you press it against the C_ vertebral body

the ____________ is ______ but the _______ is open so prevents ___________ but allows ___________

A

in the cricoid pressure manoeuvre, the LAMINA of the cricoid cartilage compresses the OESOPHAGUS as you press it against the C6 vertebral body

the OESOPHAGUS is CLOSED but the LARYNX is open so prevents ASPIRATION but allows VENTILATION

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24
Q

name the other word for laryngeal inlet

A

laryngeal aditus

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25
Q

features of the larynx:

  1. laryngeal _________ located most superiorly
  2. ______ vocal cord aka __________ fold
  3. laryngeal __________
  4. ____ vocal cord
  5. infra-glottic _______
A

features of the larynx:

  1. laryngeal vestibule located most superiorly
  2. FALSE vocal cord aka VESTIBULAR fold
  3. laryngeal VENTRICLE
  4. TRUE vocal cord
  5. infra-glottic CAVITY
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26
Q

name the 2 pairs of vocal cords

A

true and false

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27
Q

name the membrane between the vestibular ligament and the epiglottis

A

quadrangular membrane

28
Q

the conus elasticus is between what?

A

cricoid cartilage and the vocal ligament

29
Q

true or false vocal cords:

bwetween the arytenoid cartilage and epiglottis

A

false vocal cords

30
Q

true or false vocal cords:

vocal process of arytenoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage

A

true vocal cords

31
Q

name the space between the true vocal cords seen on laryngoscopy

A

rima glottidis

32
Q

where is the laryngoscope placed into?

A

vallecula (between the epiglottis and tongue)

33
Q

the superior border of the quadrangular membrane is also called the _______________ fold

A

the superior border of the quadrangular membrane is also called the ARYEPIGLOTTIC fold

34
Q

the intrinsic muscles of the larynx are all __________ in nature and are seen between cartilages causing movement of the ______ ______

A

the intrinsic muscles of the larynx are all SKELETAL in nature and are seen between cartilages causing movement of the VOCAL CORDS

35
Q

the intrinsic muscles of the larynx are all innervated by CN __

A

the intrinsic muscles of the larynx are all innervated by CN X

36
Q

impact of vocal cords:

  1. increases pitch
  2. decreases pitch
  3. quieter
  4. louder
A
  1. increases pitch - TENSION
  2. decreases pitch - RELAXATION
  3. quieter - ADDUCTION
  4. louder - ABDUCTION
37
Q

name the TENSORS muscle of the vocal cords

A

cricothyroid muscles

increases pitch

nods the thyroid cartilage

38
Q

name the attachments of the cricothyroid muscle

A

anterolateral cricoid cartilage to the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage

39
Q

name the RELAXORS muscle of the vocal cords

A

thyroarytenoid muscles

decreases pitch

40
Q

name the attachments of the thyroarytenoid muscle

A

posterior thyroid to anterior arytenoid cartilage

41
Q

name the ADDUCTORS muscles of the vocal cords

A

lateral cricoid-arytenoid muscles and arytenoid muscles

makes voice quieter

42
Q

name the attachments of the lateral cricoid-arytenoid muscles

A

muscular process of the arytenoid to anterior cricoid cartilage

43
Q

name the attachments of the arytenoid muscles

A

from one arytenoid cartilage to another

transverse and oblique band

44
Q

name the ABDUCTORS muscle of the vocal cords

A

posterior crico-arytenoid muscles

makes voice louder - opens rims glottidis

45
Q

name the attachments of the posterior crico-arytenoid muscles

A

posterior cricoid cartilage to the muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

46
Q

what muscles are contracted in forced respiration?

A

posterior crico-arytenoid muscles

47
Q

what muscles are contracted in phonation?

A

arytenoids contract to assist lateral crico-arytenoids

48
Q

what muscles are contracted in whispering?

A

lateral crico-arytenoids

49
Q

supra-glottis tumours drain to what?

A

superior deep cervical nodes

50
Q

95% of glottic tumours stay where?

A

on the cords

51
Q

what do glottic tumours present with?

A

voice change/airway obstruction

52
Q

sub-glottic tumours spread to where?

A

paratracheal nodes

also present with voice change/airway obstruction

53
Q

name 3 resolutions to removal of the larynx (post-laryngectomy)

A

tracheo-oesophageal puncture

oesophageal speech

electrolarynx

54
Q

all intrinsic muscles apart from cricothyroid are supplied by what nerve?

A

inferior laryngeal nerve

55
Q

mucosa above the folds is supplied by what nerve?

A

INTERNAL laryngeal nerve

56
Q

mucosa below the folds is supplied by what nerve?

A

INFERIOR laryngeal nerve

57
Q

at what level does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve become the inferior laryngeal nerve?

A

cricothyroid joint

58
Q

what nerve supplies the motor to cricothyroid muscle?

A

external laryngeal nerve

59
Q

the superior laryngeal nerve is a branch of that nerve?

A

vagus nerve (CN X)

60
Q

the superior laryngeal nerve splits into what?

A

internal and external laryngeal nerves

61
Q

the vagus nerve passes through what to exit the cranium?

A

jugular foramen

62
Q

the vagus nerve descends through the neck within what?

A

carotid sheath

63
Q

CN X is clinically tested in the pharynx by asking the patient to do what?

A

swallow a small sip of water and watch larynx move up and down

64
Q

CN X in the larynx is clinically tested in 2 ways - name them

A

listen to patient speak

ask patient to cough

65
Q

what are you looking for when you ask the patient to speak?

A

is their voice hoarse?

are the intrinsic muscles of larynx functioning normally to move the vocal cords

Otorhinolaryngology (17 decks)

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