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Otorhinolaryngology > Anatomy - Nose and Sinuses > Flashcards

Anatomy - Nose and Sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

name the anatomical features of the external nose

A 
root
dorsum
tip
ala
septum
nostril/nares
philtre (of upper lip)
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2
Q

state the 7 bones of the nose

A
  1. frontal
  2. nasal
  3. ethmoid
  4. inferior nasal concha
  5. maxilla
  6. perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
  7. vomer
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3
Q

what bone forms parts of the roof, lateral walls and septum of the nasal cavity?

A

ethmoid bone

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4
Q

what protrudes superiorly from the cribriform plate?

A

crista galli

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5
Q

what protrudes inferiorly from the cribriform plate?

A

perpendicular plate

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6
Q

name the cells present in the ethmoid bone

A

ethmoidal air cells

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7
Q

there are 3 plates of the ethmoid bone - name them

A

cribiform
perpendicular
orbital

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8
Q

name the 2 conchas of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

A

middle and superior

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9
Q

name the concha that is a bony feature of its own

A

inferior concha

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10
Q

all concha of the nose are on the _______ wall of the nasal cavity

A

all concha of the nose are on the LATERAL wall of the nasal cavity

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11
Q

le fort II & III fractures and basillar skull fracture can disrupt the _________ plate of the ethmoid

A

le fort II & III fractures and basillar skull fracture can disrupt the CRIBIFORM plate of the ethmoid

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12
Q

le fort II and III and basillar skull fracture can result in what?

A

anosmia

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13
Q

define anosmia

A

loss of smell

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14
Q

name the cells found in the nasal vestibule

A

stratified squamous epithelium - keratinised to non-keratinised

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15
Q

name the 2 types of epithelium in the nasal cavity

A

respiratory and olfactory epithelium

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16
Q

name the cranial nerve responsible for sense of smell

A

CN I - olfactory nerve

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17
Q

name the parts of CN I that resembles a toothbrush

A

olfactory bulb and olfactory tract

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18
Q

olfactory pathway:

  1. receptor cells in the _________ epithelium
  2. pass up through _________ plate
  3. synapse with olfactory ____ (ganglion)
  4. then neurons pass along olfactory ______
  5. to ________ lobe and olfactory areas
A

olfactory pathway:

  1. receptor cells in the OLFACTORY epithelium
  2. pass up through CRIBIFORM plate
  3. synapse with olfactory BULB (ganglion)
  4. then neurons pass along olfactory TRACT
  5. to TEMPORAL lobe and olfactory areas
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19
Q

state the somatic sensory innervation of the nasal cavity (2)

A

CN V1 - upper

CN V2 - lower

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20
Q

the anterior ethmoidal nerve is a branch of the _____________ nerve, a branch of CN V_. It passes through the anterior ethmoidal _______

A

the anterior ethmoidal nerve is a branch of the NASOCILARY nerve, a branch of CN V1. It passes through the anterior ethmoidal FORAMEN

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21
Q

the nasopalatine nerve is a branch of CN V_, passing through the ______________ foramen

A

the nasopalatine nerve is a branch of CN V2, passing through the SPHENOPALATINE foramen

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22
Q

the bloody supply to the nasal cavity originates from the ________ and ________ _______

A

the bloody supply to the nasal cavity originates from the INTERNAL and EXTERNAL CAROTID

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23
Q

the facial artery is a branch of the internal/external carotid artery

the maxillary artery is a branch of the internal/external carotid artery

A

the facial artery is a branch of the EXTERNAL carotid artery

the maxillary artery is a branch of the INTERNAL carotid artery

24
Q

name the site where anastomosis occurs between the arterial contributions - located anteroinferiorly on nasal septum

A

Kiesselbach’s (Little’s) Area

25
Q

a bleed in Kiesselbach’s (Little’s) Area results in what?

A

epitaxis

26
Q

define epitaxis

A

nose bleed

27
Q

name the 3 nasal concha

A

superior, middle and inferior

28
Q

name the recess between the superior nasal concha and the sphenoid and ethmoid bone

A

sphenoethmoidal recess

29
Q

name the area between the:

(a) superior and middle concha
(b) middle and inferior concha
(c) inferior concha and hard palate

A

(a) superior and middle concha - SUPERIOR MEATUS
(b) middle and inferior concha - MIDDLE MEATUS
(c) inferior concha and hard palate - INFERIOR MEATUS

30
Q

name the bone that each concha is from:

(a) superior concha
(b) middle concha
(c) inferior concha

A

(a) superior concha - ETHMOID BONE
(b) middle concha - ETHMOID BONE
(c) inferior concha - OWN BONE

31
Q

what are conchae often referred to as?

A

turbinates

32
Q

airflow through the nose can be impacted by ___________ of the nasal mucosa

A

airflow through the nose can be impacted by ENGORGEMENT of the nasal mucosa

33
Q

one side will be engorged then change to other side every 1-5 _____

A

one side will be engorged then change to other side every 1-5 HOURS

34
Q

engorgement is due to ________ tissue (arteriovenous)

A

engorgement is due to ERECTILE tissue (arteriovenous)

35
Q

paranasal sinuses are ____ spaces within the bone

A

paranasal sinuses are OPEN spaces within the bone

36
Q

the human body has how many bilateral pairs of sinuses associated with the nasal cavity?

A

4 bilateral pairs

37
Q

name the 4 bilateral pairs of sinuses associated with the nasal cavity

A

frontal sinuses
ethmoidal air cells
maxillary sinuses
sphenoid sinuses

38
Q

what is each paranasal sinus lined with?

A

thin respiratory epithelium

39
Q

the sphenoid sinus us located inferiorly to what gland?

A

pituitary gland

40
Q

the sphenoid sinus drains into what recess?

A

sphenoethmoidal recess

41
Q

the posterior ethmoidal air cells drain into what meatus?

A

superior meatus

42
Q

the following sinuses drain into what hiatus and eventually into what meatus:

frontal sinus
maxillary sinus
anterior ethmoidal air cells

A

semilunar hiatus then to middle meatus

43
Q

the middle ethmoidal air cells drains into what bulla?

A

ethmoidal bulla

44
Q

the nasolacrimal duct is linked to what meatus?

A

inferior meatus

45
Q

________ fluid drains inferomedially to the ____________ duct which drains to the _________ meatus

A

LACRIMAL fluid drains inferomedially to the NASOLACRIMAL duct which drains to the INFERIOR meatus

46
Q

‘inflammation of the mucosa in 1 or more of the paranasal sinuses’

defines what?

A

sinusitis

47
Q

in sinusitis, _____ of respiratory mucosa waft mucous towards ______

A

in sinusitis, CILLIA of respiratory mucosa waft mucous towards OSTIA

48
Q

viral infection of what can cause swelling of mucosa?

A

viral URTI

49
Q

when the sinus fills with infected mucous, ________ builds

A

when the sinus fills with infected mucous, PRESSURE builds

50
Q

in sinusitis, increased pressure in _______ sinus can break the ______ wall of the orbit and impact the ___/spread infection to optic nerve

A

in sinusitis, increased pressure in ETHMOID sinus can break the MEDIAL wall of the orbit and impact the EYE/spread infection to optic nerve

51
Q

sinusitis is painful and is innervated by CN__ and __ - this may be referred to the _____

A

sinusitis is painful and is innervated by CNV1 and V2 - this may be referred to the TEETH

52
Q

maxillary sinus:

is ___________ to infection

_______ of maxillary sinus is location superior in relation to its cavity

Cilia must work _______ gravity

A

maxillary sinus:

is PREDISPOSED to infection

OSTIUM of maxillary sinus is location superior in relation to its cavity

Cilia must work AGAINST gravity

53
Q

name the fistula between the maxillary sinus and the tooth socket

A

oro-antral fistula

54
Q

tooth infection can lead to _________

A

tooth infection can lead to SINUSITIS

55
Q

name the sinus deep to the root of the nose

A

frontal sinus

Otorhinolaryngology (17 decks)

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