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Otorhinolaryngology > Anatomy - Nose and Sinuses > Flashcards

Anatomy - Nose and Sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

name the anatomical features of the external nose

A 
root
dorsum
tip
ala
septum
nostril/nares
philtre (of upper lip)
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2
Q

state the 7 bones of the nose

A
  1. frontal
  2. nasal
  3. ethmoid
  4. inferior nasal concha
  5. maxilla
  6. perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
  7. vomer
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3
Q

what bone forms parts of the roof, lateral walls and septum of the nasal cavity?

A

ethmoid bone

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4
Q

what protrudes superiorly from the cribriform plate?

A

crista galli

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5
Q

what protrudes inferiorly from the cribriform plate?

A

perpendicular plate

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6
Q

name the cells present in the ethmoid bone

A

ethmoidal air cells

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7
Q

there are 3 plates of the ethmoid bone - name them

A

cribiform
perpendicular
orbital

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8
Q

name the 2 conchas of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

A

middle and superior

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9
Q

name the concha that is a bony feature of its own

A

inferior concha

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10
Q

all concha of the nose are on the _______ wall of the nasal cavity

A

all concha of the nose are on the LATERAL wall of the nasal cavity

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11
Q

le fort II & III fractures and basillar skull fracture can disrupt the _________ plate of the ethmoid

A

le fort II & III fractures and basillar skull fracture can disrupt the CRIBIFORM plate of the ethmoid

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12
Q

le fort II and III and basillar skull fracture can result in what?

A

anosmia

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13
Q

define anosmia

A

loss of smell

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14
Q

name the cells found in the nasal vestibule

A

stratified squamous epithelium - keratinised to non-keratinised

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15
Q

name the 2 types of epithelium in the nasal cavity

A

respiratory and olfactory epithelium

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16
Q

name the cranial nerve responsible for sense of smell

A

CN I - olfactory nerve

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17
Q

name the parts of CN I that resembles a toothbrush

A

olfactory bulb and olfactory tract

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18
Q

olfactory pathway:

  1. receptor cells in the _________ epithelium
  2. pass up through _________ plate
  3. synapse with olfactory ____ (ganglion)
  4. then neurons pass along olfactory ______
  5. to ________ lobe and olfactory areas
A

olfactory pathway:

  1. receptor cells in the OLFACTORY epithelium
  2. pass up through CRIBIFORM plate
  3. synapse with olfactory BULB (ganglion)
  4. then neurons pass along olfactory TRACT
  5. to TEMPORAL lobe and olfactory areas
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19
Q

state the somatic sensory innervation of the nasal cavity (2)

A

CN V1 - upper

CN V2 - lower

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20
Q

the anterior ethmoidal nerve is a branch of the _____________ nerve, a branch of CN V_. It passes through the anterior ethmoidal _______

A

the anterior ethmoidal nerve is a branch of the NASOCILARY nerve, a branch of CN V1. It passes through the anterior ethmoidal FORAMEN

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21
Q

the nasopalatine nerve is a branch of CN V_, passing through the ______________ foramen

A

the nasopalatine nerve is a branch of CN V2, passing through the SPHENOPALATINE foramen

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22
Q

the bloody supply to the nasal cavity originates from the ________ and ________ _______

A

the bloody supply to the nasal cavity originates from the INTERNAL and EXTERNAL CAROTID

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23
Q

the facial artery is a branch of the internal/external carotid artery

the maxillary artery is a branch of the internal/external carotid artery

A

the facial artery is a branch of the EXTERNAL carotid artery

the maxillary artery is a branch of the INTERNAL carotid artery

24
Q

name the site where anastomosis occurs between the arterial contributions - located anteroinferiorly on nasal septum

A

Kiesselbach’s (Little’s) Area

25
a bleed in Kiesselbach's (Little's) Area results in what?
epitaxis
26
define epitaxis
nose bleed
27
name the 3 nasal concha
superior, middle and inferior
28
name the recess between the superior nasal concha and the sphenoid and ethmoid bone
sphenoethmoidal recess
29
name the area between the: (a) superior and middle concha (b) middle and inferior concha (c) inferior concha and hard palate
(a) superior and middle concha - SUPERIOR MEATUS (b) middle and inferior concha - MIDDLE MEATUS (c) inferior concha and hard palate - INFERIOR MEATUS
30
name the bone that each concha is from: (a) superior concha (b) middle concha (c) inferior concha
(a) superior concha - ETHMOID BONE (b) middle concha - ETHMOID BONE (c) inferior concha - OWN BONE
31
what are conchae often referred to as?
turbinates
32
airflow through the nose can be impacted by ___________ of the nasal mucosa
airflow through the nose can be impacted by ENGORGEMENT of the nasal mucosa
33
one side will be engorged then change to other side every 1-5 _____
one side will be engorged then change to other side every 1-5 HOURS
34
engorgement is due to ________ tissue (arteriovenous)
engorgement is due to ERECTILE tissue (arteriovenous)
35
paranasal sinuses are ____ spaces within the bone
paranasal sinuses are OPEN spaces within the bone
36
the human body has how many bilateral pairs of sinuses associated with the nasal cavity?
4 bilateral pairs
37
name the 4 bilateral pairs of sinuses associated with the nasal cavity
frontal sinuses ethmoidal air cells maxillary sinuses sphenoid sinuses
38
what is each paranasal sinus lined with?
thin respiratory epithelium
39
the sphenoid sinus us located inferiorly to what gland?
pituitary gland
40
the sphenoid sinus drains into what recess?
sphenoethmoidal recess
41
the posterior ethmoidal air cells drain into what meatus?
superior meatus
42
the following sinuses drain into what hiatus and eventually into what meatus: frontal sinus maxillary sinus anterior ethmoidal air cells
semilunar hiatus then to middle meatus
43
the middle ethmoidal air cells drains into what bulla?
ethmoidal bulla
44
the nasolacrimal duct is linked to what meatus?
inferior meatus
45
________ fluid drains inferomedially to the ____________ duct which drains to the _________ meatus
LACRIMAL fluid drains inferomedially to the NASOLACRIMAL duct which drains to the INFERIOR meatus
46
'inflammation of the mucosa in 1 or more of the paranasal sinuses' defines what?
sinusitis
47
in sinusitis, _____ of respiratory mucosa waft mucous towards ______
in sinusitis, CILLIA of respiratory mucosa waft mucous towards OSTIA
48
viral infection of what can cause swelling of mucosa?
viral URTI
49
when the sinus fills with infected mucous, ________ builds
when the sinus fills with infected mucous, PRESSURE builds
50
in sinusitis, increased pressure in _______ sinus can break the ______ wall of the orbit and impact the ___/spread infection to optic nerve
in sinusitis, increased pressure in ETHMOID sinus can break the MEDIAL wall of the orbit and impact the EYE/spread infection to optic nerve
51
sinusitis is painful and is innervated by CN__ and __ - this may be referred to the _____
sinusitis is painful and is innervated by CNV1 and V2 - this may be referred to the TEETH
52
maxillary sinus: is ___________ to infection _______ of maxillary sinus is location superior in relation to its cavity Cilia must work _______ gravity
maxillary sinus: is PREDISPOSED to infection OSTIUM of maxillary sinus is location superior in relation to its cavity Cilia must work AGAINST gravity
53
name the fistula between the maxillary sinus and the tooth socket
oro-antral fistula
54
tooth infection can lead to _________
tooth infection can lead to SINUSITIS
55
name the sinus deep to the root of the nose
frontal sinus

Otorhinolaryngology (17 decks)

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