English 2 Flashcards
- is the kind of writing used in school.
- sometimes includes citations of sources.
- uses contractions and slang
- can be read by anyone.
- is well-structured
Academic Text
- construction
- something arranged in a definite pattern of organization (Merriam Webster)
Structure
- how the author organized the information of a text/passage
- organizational patterns of
the texts.
Text Structure
Text Structure 1:
I-B-C
Introduction- Body - Conclusion
Text Structure 2:
I-M-R-a-D
Introduction-Method-Results-and-Discussion/Conclusion
Hourglass structure
I-B-C
Complex Structure
I-M-R-a-D
- it provides background about
the topic. - sets and prepares the mind of
the readers for what the topic is
about.
Introduction
is usually the
first paragraph of your academic
essay. If you’re writing a long
essay, you might need 2 or 3
paragraphs to introduce your
topic to your reader.
Introduction
- it discusses the topic
elaborately. - contains the major points to
explain the topic. - it is usually the longest part
Body
A good introduction does TWO things:
- GETS THE READER’S ATTENTION
- PROVIDES A SPECIFIC AND DEBATABLE THESIS STATEMENT
Body paragraphs help you prove your
thesis and move you along a
compelling trajectory from your
introduction to your conclusion. If your
thesis is a simple one, you might not
need a lot of body paragraphs to prove
it.
basahin mo, yawa ka
If it’s more complicated, you’ll
need more body paragraphs. An
easy way to remember the parts
of a body paragraph is to think
of them as the _____of your
essay:
Meat:
Main Idea
Evidence
Analysis
Transition.
The part of a topic sentence
that states the main idea of
the body paragraph. All of
the sentences in the
paragraph connect to it
main idea
The parts of a paragraph that prove
the main idea. You might include
different types of evidence in
different sentences. Keep in mind
that different disciplines have
different ideas about what counts as
evidence and they adhere to
different citation styles.
evidence
Examples of evidence include
- quotations and/or paraphrases
from sources. - facts, e.g. statistics or findings
from studies you’ve conducted. - narratives and/or descriptions,
e.g. of your own experiences.
The parts of a paragraph
that explain the
evidence. Make sure you tie
the evidence you provide
back to the paragraph’s main
idea.
Analysis
The part of a paragraph that
helps you move fluidly from the
last paragraph. Transitions
appear in topic sentences along
with main ideas, and they look
both backward and forward in
order to help you connect your
ideas for your reader.
Transition
- briefly summarizes your
major points. - usually has a closing
statement.
CONCLUSION
is the last paragraph of your essay, or, if
you’re writing a really long essay, you might need 3 or 5
sentences to conclude. it typically does one of
two things—or, of course, it can do both
CONCLUSION
Some instructors expect you
not to say anything new in
your conclusion. They just
want you to restate your
main points.
Summarizes the argument
“IMRaD” format refers to a paper that
is structured by four main
sections:
Introduction, Methods,
Results, and Discussion.
This format is often used for lab reports as well as
for reporting any planned, systematic
research in the social sciences,
natural sciences, or engineering and
computer sciences.
IMRaD”
What is the situation/problem?
Why do you want to Study the situation/problem?
What did other researchers find about
the situation/problem?
iNTRODUCTION
How did you
gather data?
What instrument
did you use?
METHODS
What are your
findings?
What have you
collected?
RESULT
What are the
results?
What future
action/s do you
recommend?
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION
Five (5) Text Structures Patterns
- description
- order or sequence
- comparison or contrast
- cause and effect
- problem and solution
- This describes a person,
place, thing, event, and
other. This also resembles
an outline where it starts
with the main idea and then
elaboration.
Description
- This shows the
chronological or sequential
order of things, ideas, actions
or events. It also includes the
process of series that occur.
Order and Sequence
- Texts show the
similarities and
differences between two or
more objects, ideas,
events, or places.
Comparison or Contrast
- This text tells the
reader both the result
and reason for an event or occurrence
Cause and Effect
- This presents a
problem and its possible
solutions.
Problem and Solution
Text structure can be through:
sentences or
paragraphs.
are visual representation that uses lines,
shapes, arrows, and the like to
show connections, organizations,
and relationships of ideas and
parts of a text
Graphic organizers
This includes language used in textbooks, classrooms, tests, discipline, Repreesents the laguage demands of school (academics)
Academic Language
are certain register of language peculiar to a specific profession such as medical, science, engineering, and business
- language corresponding to a specific profession
Linguistic Register
used to describe componenents and processes of the human body, medical procedures, diseases, disorders, and pharmacology.
Medical Language
used by persons connected to the legal profession, for legal practioners
Legal Language
Helps us understand how journals create their stories, reports, shape, point of view, deliever expected news,
media language
Journalistic Language
used in literary writing
- literary writers
- according to imagination
Literary Language
are special words or expression that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand.
jargons
Formal Accusation of Felony issued by a grand jury based upon a proposed charge, witnesses testimony and other evidence presented by a public prosecutor.
- formal accusation presented by the witnesses
Legal Indictment
used in all academic discipline to teach about the content of the discipline also known as discipline=specific words
- specific words to a specific discipline
Academic Vocabulary
