Engineering and Technology set 3

Question 1

What is opthalmology?

Answer 1

Opthalmology is the study of the eye.

Question 2

What is the back of the eye called?

Answer 2

the fundus, that’s the spot that causes red eye on photographs.

Question 3

What are the four things that are in the fundus?

Answer 3

the retina, the fovea, the optic disk and the macula

Question 4

What causes the red eye in photos?

Answer 4

there are lots of blood vessels there and they reflect the light back out of the eye

Question 5

How do you stop red eye on photos

Answer 5

don’t look directly at the camera

Question 6

When is red eye worse and why?

Answer 6

red eye is worse when photos are taken at night because the pupil is wide open

Question 7

Why does the eye dr take photos of your fundus?

Answer 7

To check the overall health of your eye

Question 8

What is an opthalmoscope?

Answer 8

An opthalmoscope is the instrument the eye doctor uses to look in your eye

Question 9

who invented the opthalmoscope?

Answer 9

Charles Babbage in 1847, and then later it was made by Helmholz

Question 10

Why were 150 models of opthalmoscopes invented over 50 years?

Answer 10

seeing the fundus is difficult so they were trying to perfect the design.

Question 11

What was the original source of light in the opthalmoscope?

Answer 11

candles, then oil and gas because the light bulb was not invented, nowadays they are battery operated

Question 12

How does an opthalmoscope work?

Answer 12

light is focussed and directed into the eye, the reflected light is directed through a one way mirror into the optometrist’s eye.

Question 13

what is the limitation of the ophtalmoscope?

Answer 13

it can only see part of the fundus at one time

Question 14

What is a fundus camera

Answer 14

the fundus camera takes pictures and can see larger areas

Question 15

What is a scanning laser opthalmoscope?

Answer 15

SLO uses a single wavelength of light from a laser (not a light bulb), motorized mirrors more the light, and a computer makes a 2D image

Question 16

What is optical coherence tomography?

Answer 16

OCT takes pictures at many depths in the back of the eye and creates a 3D image, like a CT image

Question 17

why do they look at the fundus?

Answer 17

the fundus changes depending on the disease you have.

Question 18

what problems can they see on the fundus?

Answer 18

swelling of the retina, changes in blood vessels and nerves are signs of eye disease, changes in the shape of the optic nerve can help diagnose glaucoma (which causes blindness)

Question 19

Why is it important for people with diabetes to have their fundus checked?

Answer 19

diabetic retinopathy happens to diabetics, but surgery can fix it if it is caught soon.

Question 20

What does a person with glaucoma see?

Answer 20

the picture is greyed on the sides, like looking through a tunnel

Question 21

What does a person with diabetic retinopathy see?

Answer 21

completely blurred images, can’t make out anything but blurs

Question 22

What types of radiation can humans not see

Answer 22

we cannot see thermal (long-wave) and we cannot see infrared radiation

Question 23

What does a thermal camera do?

Answer 23

It takes photos of the thermal/heat something gives off. Called a heat map

Question 24

What element is used to make the lens of an infrared camera?

Answer 24

Germanium

Question 25

What is a microbolometer?

Answer 25

it is a heat detector

Question 26

How are thermal cameras used?

Answer 26

To detect heat loss in houses or to find people hidden by smoke during fires

Question 27

what are some new uses?

Answer 27

using thermal cameras to find sick people at airports via their temperature

Question 28

What illnesses can be found with thermal cameras?

Answer 28

Carpal tunnel syndrome in wrists and thyroid problems, and possibly cancer.

Question 29

Why would thermal imaging be a good way to find disease?

Answer 29

Because it is non-invasive. You don’t have to get cut open to find the problem.

Question 30

How is thermal imaging being used in Calgary?

Answer 30

There is an online tool where you can look at your neighbourhood and see your house, to compare your house’s heat loss to that of the neighbours. You can get a rating on your home’s energy efficiency.