Biology Part 1

Question 1

What is biology?

Answer 1

Biology is the study of living things.

Question 2

What is a multicellular organism?

Answer 2

A multicellular organism is an organism made up of many cells

Question 3

What does physiology mean?

Answer 3

Physiology means functioning.

Question 4

Why are plants important to humans?

Answer 4

Plants produce oxygen which is essential to humans.

Question 5

Besides oxygen, what do plants provide humans?

Answer 5

Plants provide food, medicine, wood

Question 6

Even though plants can be 1cm to 100metres, what do they have in common?

Answer 6

Plants all have a similar structure of cells

Question 7

Who discovered plant cells?

Answer 7

Robert Hooke in 1665

Question 8

What did he name the little box like structures he saw in a cork sample?

Answer 8

He named the little boxes cells

Question 9

Cells are the…

Answer 9

Cells are the basic unit of life.

Question 10

What are the three main parts of cell theory?

Answer 10

Cell theory 1. all living things are made of cells, 2. cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things, 3. a cell only comes into existence by the division of a cell.

Question 11

What is a eukaryote?

Answer 11

A eukaryote is an organism made up of large and complex cells

Question 12

What is a prokaryote?

Answer 12

A prokaryote is a small, simple cell

Question 13

What is an example of a prokaryote?

Answer 13

Bacteria is an example of a prokaryote.

Question 14

What are organelles?

Answer 14

Organelles are the structures that carry out the life function of a cell.

Question 15

What is the cell wall?

Answer 15

The cell wall is the rigid outermost layer of a plant cell that makes it stiff. Animal cells do not have a cell wall.

Question 16

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 16

A cell membrane is the protective layer around all cells. It is made up of lipids (fats) and proteins.

Question 17

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 17

Cytoplasm is a thick, aqueous (water-based) solution in which organelles are found

Question 18

What is dissolved in cytoplasm?

Answer 18

Cytoplasm has nutrients, salts, minerals and enzymes dissolved in it.

Question 19

What are enzymes?

Answer 19

Enzymes are molecules involved in metabolism.

Question 20

What is the nucleus?

Answer 20

The nucleus is the control center of the cell.

Question 21

What is in the nucleus?

Answer 21

DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid is in the nucleus.

Question 22

What is DNA

Answer 22

DNA is the genetic material that directs all activities of a cell.

Question 23

Which cells do not have a nuclei?

Answer 23

Eukaryotic cells have nuclei (singular of nucleus), prokaryotic cells like bacteria do not

Question 24

How is the nucleus separated from the cytoplasm?

Answer 24

The nuclear membrane separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.

Question 25

What are ribosomes?

Answer 25

Ribosomes are little round structures that produce protein, they are found in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 26

What is endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 26

Endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane system of folded sacs and tunnels that helps move protein about the cell. Like a highway.

Question 27

What is the difference between smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 27

Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes covering it.

Question 28

What is a Golgi body?

Answer 28

A Golgi body is a stack of membrane-covered sacs that prepare proteins for export to the cell.

Question 29

What are mitochondrion (mitochondria)

Answer 29

Mitochondrion are the power house of a cell, converting stored food (sugar and fat) into energy rich molecules (ATP Adenosine triphosphate)

Question 30

What are lysosomes?

Answer 30

Lysosomes are the digestive center of a cell, breaking down worn out bits of cell etc

Question 31

What are vacuoles?

Answer 31

Vacuoles are large membrane enclosed compartments that store toxic waste as well as water. Mainly found in plants.

Question 32

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 32

Chloroplasts contain green pigment that traps sunlight and converts it into sugar through photosynthesis

Question 33

What makes a plant cell unique?

Answer 33

A plant cell has a cell wall, like an exoskeleton.

Question 34

What makes up the cell wall?

Answer 34

The cell wall is made from carbohydrate molecules, cellulose and lignin.

Question 35

What do we use cellulose for?

Answer 35

Cellulose is used to make paper.

Question 36

What can cellulose be converted into?

Answer 36

Cellulose can be converted into cellulosic ethanol a type of biofuel

Question 37

Cows and sheep can digest cellulose, humans cannot. What do we call food with cellulose?

Answer 37

Food with cellulose help our digestion and we call it 'fiber'

Question 38

What does lignin do in the cell wall?

Answer 38

Lignin helps water molecules move from one side to the other, and fills up the spaces between cellulose in the cell wall.

Question 39

What % of a cell is its vacuole?

Answer 39

A vacuole is about 30% of a plant cell, but it can swell to 80%.

Question 40

How does the vacuole support the cell walls?

Answer 40

The vacuole is full of water and puts pressure on the cell walls to keep them inflated like a water balloon.

Question 41

What is the vacuole pressure called?

Answer 41

Turgor pressure keeps the cell walls from collapsing inwards.

Question 42

Do human cells have chloroplasts?

Answer 42

No only plant cells have chloroplasts.

Question 43

What do chloroplasts do?

Answer 43

Chloroplasts harness energy of the sun and store it in chemical bonds of sugar for later use.

Question 44

What do chloroplasts contain?

Answer 44

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll a green pigment that gives leaves their colour.

Question 45

What is a prokaryote that is an ancestor of chlorophyll?

Answer 45

Cyanobacteria is a bacteria capable of photosynthesis, so it may be an ancestor of the chloroplasts.

Question 46

How is red algae different?

Answer 46

Red algae chloroplasts have a pigment called phycobilin (not chlorophyll) which is red rather than green.

Question 47

What do plant cells have in common with animal cells?

Answer 47

Plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, organelles and cytoplasm are the same in both types of cells. Just not the cell wall.