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Science Challenge 2014 > Chemistry set 2 > Flashcards

Chemistry set 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What do ‘gas laws’ do?

A

Gas laws describe how gas will behave.

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2
Q

Why are scientific laws not like legal laws?

A

Scientific laws describe how things behave, they do not give explanations.

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3
Q

What is needed to provide an explanation for a scientific law?

A

A theory provides and explanation for a scientific law.

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4
Q

Name the theory to explain how gasses behave.

A

Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gasses explains how gas behaves.

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5
Q

What is the first assumption of the gas theory?

A
  1. Particles (atoms or molecules) are constantly moving in straight lines until they collide with other particles or walls of their container
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6
Q

What is the second assumption of the gas theory?

A
  1. There is no loss of energy when a particle collides with another particle or the wall of the container.
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7
Q

What is the third assumption of the gas theory?

A
  1. the volume of the particles themselves is so small compare to the volume of the space they occupy that it is considered to be negligible (can be ignored)
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8
Q

What is the fourth assumption of the gas theory?

A
  1. the are no forces of attraction between particles because they are so far away from each other when they are in the gas state.
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9
Q

What is elastic collision?

A

Elastic collision is when particles collide and do not lose energy, this is only in the world of molecules.

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10
Q

What is inelastic collision?

A

In our world, when things collide they lose energy and slow down due to friction.

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11
Q

What does the Gas theory explain?

A

The gas theory explains pressure

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12
Q

What is pressure?

A

Pressure is the force of many molecules against the walls of a container.

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13
Q

What kind of pressure to molecules put on a container?

A

Molecules have an outward pressure on containers.

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14
Q

What happens if the pressure becomes stronger than the container?

A

An explosion happens when the pressure of the gas is greater than the strength of the container.

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15
Q

What kind of energy does gas have?

A

Gas has kinetic energy. (moving energy)

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16
Q

When the kinetic energy of a gas changes, what also changes?

A

The temperature rises if the gas’s kinetic energy increases.

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17
Q

In what three ways do we measure gas?

A

Volume, temperature and pressure are used to measure gas.

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18
Q

What is volume?

A

Volume is the amount of space the gas takes up.

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19
Q

How is gas volume measured?

A

Gas is measured in capacity units, milliliters (mL) and liters (L), or large volumes in kilolitres (kL)

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20
Q

Why are both Fahrenheit and Celsius based on water temperature?

A

Originally people were interested in knowing when water changes state, freezing and boiling points.

21
Q

Do Fahrenheit and Celsius work well for gas?

A

No, because at zero gas particles are still moving.

22
Q

Who was Anders Celsius?

A

Anders Celsius was a Swedish astronomer and physicist who invented celsius.

23
Q

What is the absolute temperature scale?

A

The absolute temperature scale was created to show when gas particles stop moving.

24
Q

What is another name for the absolute temperature scale?

A

Kelvin scale, after its creator Lord Kelvin of England.

25
Q

What is the freezing point of water in Kelvin?

A

0 degrees Celsius is 273 Kelvin.

26
Q

Do you use degrees with Kelvin scale?

A

No, you just say the number Kelvin. Ie 43 Kelvin

27
Q

How do you convert a celsius to Kelvin?

A

Just add 273 to the celsius to get its kelvin equivalent.

28
Q

What system is most commonly used for scientific applications?

A

The metric system

29
Q

What is the equation (math sentence) for pressure?

A

P=F/A P is pressure, F is force, A is area

30
Q

Force is measured in what unit?

A

Force is measured in units called newtons (N)

31
Q

How is area represented in an equation?

A

area is shown as m2 or meters squared

32
Q

What is a pascal? (Pa)

A

A pascal is a unit of pressure N/m2 and is named after Blaise Pascal

33
Q

1000 Pa is called

A

a kilopascal kPa

34
Q

100 kPa is called…

A

a bar

35
Q

What is psi?

A

PSI is pounds per square inch, which is an imperial (not metric) measurement

36
Q

Where do we still use psi every day?

A

We measure tire pressure in psi

37
Q

How do we measure atmospheric pressure?

A

We use a barometer

38
Q

What fills a barometer?

A

Mercury fills a barometer.

39
Q

What measurement is used in a barometer

A

mm Hg which means millimeters of mercury

40
Q

mm Hg can be converted to what unit?

A

mm Hg can also be read as 1 torr

41
Q

How does a barometer measure air pressure?

A

The mercury is in a vacuum, so that the air molecules push down the container, and the mercury is forced into the tube.

42
Q

what is a baseline measurement for air pressure?

A

The air pressure at sea level is the baseline.

43
Q

What does a barometer read at sea level?

A

at sea level, a barometer reads 760 mm (14.696 psi) or 101.325 kPa

44
Q

What is the air pressure at sea level also known as?

A

At sea level they say it is ‘standard atmosphere’ or atm

45
Q

ATM was recently replaced by

A

they use the bar measurement now, or 100 kPa

46
Q

What instrument do you use to measure gas pressure?

A

You use a pressure gauge to measure gas pressure.

47
Q

How does a tire gauge work?

A

air pushes a fluid through a tube, which pushes a piston on a spring. The piston travels relative to the pressure in the tire.

48
Q

What is a piece of equipment that tells you psi?

A

A calibrating rod gives you a psi measurement.

Science Challenge 2014 (24 decks)

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