Engineering and Technology set 2

Question 1

What does MRI stand for?

Answer 1

MRI stands for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Question 2

What does an MRI show?

Answer 2

An MRI shows details of tissues inside the body.

Question 3

What is a difference between a CT Scan and an MRI?

Answer 3

A MRI will show how an organ is functioning.

Question 4

How many MRI scanners are thought to be worldwide?

Answer 4

25,000 MRI scanners are around the world

Question 5

What did Felix Bloch and Edward Purcell discover in the 1930s.

Answer 5

Bloch and Purcell discovered nuclear magnetic resonance

Question 6

What is nuclear magnetic resonance?

Answer 6

Nuclear magnetic resonance is the interaction between magnetic fields and radio waves which causes atoms to give off tiny radio signals.

Question 7

Why is MRI considered non-destructive testing?

Answer 7

Non-destructive testing means you can see inside something without having to take it apart.

Question 8

Who produced the first one dimensional MRI image?

Answer 8

Herman Carr in 1952 produced the first one dimensional MRI

Question 9

What did Paul Lauterbur create?

Answer 9

Paul Lauterbur created the first sectional image of a mouse in the late 1970s.

Question 10

How did Peter Mansfield improve MRI?

Answer 10

Peter Mansfield worked on math that would make it MRI faster, get clearer images and speed up time it takes to get the results.

Question 11

When was the first full body MRI done?

Answer 11

In 1977, Damadian, Minkoff and Goldsmith produced the first full body scan.

Question 12

What did Lauterbur and Mansfield win?

Answer 12

In 2003, Lauterbur and Mansfield won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their contributions to MRI 30 years earlier.

Question 13

CT scanners use xray waves, what do MRIs use?

Answer 13

MRIs use radio waves to create pictures

Question 14

How does an MRI work?

Answer 14

An MRI scanner uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to form images of the body.

Question 15

How does an MRI affect the atoms of your body?

Answer 15

In an MRI powerful magnets move/align nuclei of hydrogen atoms, and then short pulses of radio signals cause the nuclei to go back to their original positions. The movement creates a weak radio signal which a computer reads.

Question 16

What is unique about an MRI picture?

Answer 16

MRI pictures can be enhanced and can be in colour.

Question 17

What can MRIs be used for?

Answer 17

MRIs can see tumors or structural problems in the body.

Question 18

What is a functional MRI?

Answer 18

an fMRI can see changes in blood flow with in the brain, so they can watch a person’s brain respond as they read or talk.

Question 19

Why are CT scans done more often if an MRI is a better picture?

Answer 19

CT scanners are less expensive to buy.

Question 20

How have MRIs changed how we view the brain?

Answer 20

MRIs have helped scientists learn more about the brain in the past 20 years than they learned in the past 100 years.

Question 21

What are the benefits of MRI machines?

Answer 21

MRI machines give you less xray radiation than CT scans, which could cause cancer, and they are excellent soft-tissue imaging (better than CT scans)

Question 22

What is a problem with MRI machines?

Answer 22

MRIs take a long time to get the image and the person has to go inside a long tube that can be claustrophobic (scared of small enclosed spaces)

Question 23

What is an ultrasound?

Answer 23

An ultrasound is an imaging technique that helps to see soft tissues better than CT Scans.

Question 24

What is ultrasonography?

Answer 24

Ultrasonography is the ultrasound based imaging technique.

Question 25

CT scans use xrays, MRIs use radio waves, what do ultrasounds use?

Answer 25

Ultrasounds use sound waves to create the images.

Question 26

In 1942, what did Dr. Karl Dussik do?

Answer 26

Dr. Karl Dussik used sound waves to look at brains and published his research in Austria in 1942

Question 27

In the 1950s, how did Professor Ian Donald of Scotland improve Dussik's work?

Answer 27

Donald developed practical/useful technology and applications for ultrasound uses.

Question 28

What is a simple way to explain ultrasound?

Answer 28

Ultrasound take pictures with sound.

Question 29

What is ultrasound?

Answer 29

ultrasound is a sound wave of very high frequency.

Question 30

Why can't we hear ultrasound?

Answer 30

we can hear sounds from 20-20 000 Hz (Hertz) but we cannot hear 2 000 000 to 17 000 000 Hz which is the ultrasound frequency.

Question 31

How are ultrasound waves different that the sound waves we hear?

Answer 31

Ultrasound waves are mechanical waves which means they must travel through a solid or a liquid.

Question 32

Why is a gel applied to a patient's skin when they get an ultrasound?

Answer 32

The gel helps the ultrasound tool move over the skin and gives the ultrasound something to travel through.

Question 33

What is the transducer?

Answer 33

The transducer is the instrument that the sonographer (technician) holds against the body.

Question 34

What is a sonographer?

Answer 34

A sonographer is the person/technician how does the ultrasound.

Question 35

How does an ultrasound work?

Answer 35

The transducer sends a sound wave through the tissue at a constant spped of 1 540 m/s. Body tissues will absorb, reflect, or refract the sound wave. When the sound returns to the transducer the sound energy is converted to pixels and a picture is made.

Question 36

What colour are the organs on an ultrasound picture?

Answer 36

Organs or babies show up as soft grey.

Question 37

What colour is blood and fluid on an ultrasound picture?

Answer 37

Blood and fluid is white on an ultrasound picture.

Question 38

What is the difference between a high frequency transducer and a low frequency transducer?

Answer 38

A high frequency transducer is used to image surface structures with more detail. A low frequency transducer is used to image structures that are deep with in the body, but those images will be less detailed.

Question 39

What is obstetric sonography?

Answer 39

Obstetric sonography is when they ultrasound the baby inside the mother.

Question 40

How else can they use ultrasound in medicine?

Answer 40

They also use ultrasound to help heal sprains faster, and pulses can break up kidney stones

Question 41

What is lithotripsy?

Answer 41

lithotripsy is breaking up kidney and gallstones using ultrasound pulses.

Question 42

What are some other uses for ultrasound?

Answer 42

Vets use ultrasound, motion-sensors use it, jewelry cleaners and humidifiers

Question 43

What are the benefits of ultrasound?

Answer 43

Ultrasound does not appear to cause side effects, is inexpensive, and is quick, machines are portable so they can go into emergency departments rather than move accident victims.

Question 44

What is the radiology department in a hospital?

Answer 44

The radiology department is where they do xrays, ultrasounds, MRI and CT scans

Question 45

What kind of image does an ultrasound give?

Answer 45

An ultrasound machine gives a real-time (happening right now) moving image