Biology Set 2 Flashcards
What is taxonomy?
Taxonomy is a method used by scientists to classify all living things to understand their evolution.
What does taxonomy include?
Taxonomy includes species descriptions and identification.
When did modern taxonomy start?
Modern taxonomy started in the mid 1700s
What did Carl Linnaeus do?
Carl Linnaeus made a system to classify all living organisms.
How did Linnaeus make a classification system?
Linnaeus gave every known organism a two part Latin scientific name based on their reproductive structure.
The overarching categories are called …
kingdoms are the top categories
Kingdoms are broken down into…
kingdoms are broken down into phyla or phylum
Plants are in the kingdom…
Plantea is the plant kingdom
Green algae are in the phyla…
Chlorophyta
Mosses are in the phyla
Bryophyta
Ferns are in the phyla
Pteridophyta
Conifers are in the phyla
Gynmosperms
Flowering plants are in the phyla
Angiosperms
Green algae is not technically a plant, so why is it in the plant kingdom?
Green algea is what all plants evolved from
What is a unicellular flagellate?
A one celled organism with a tail-like structure
Where is green algae mostly found?
In water, aquatic, both freshwater and marine, but it can be on trees and rocks
Green algae can by symbiotic, what does that mean?
Symbiotic means that it has a living relationship with another organism. Green algae and fungi form lichins.
How does green algae get energy?
It can photosynthesize just like a tree
What are the most primitive types of plants?
mosses are the most primitive types of plants.
Moss does not have what typical plant structure?
Moss does not have a vascular system which is how plants transport water.
How do mosses get their nutrients, water and minerals?
Moss gets nutrients, water and minerals through osmosis.
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the process where water moves from a place with lots of water to a place with less water to even out the water amounts
How are mosses held to the ground?
Moss has root-like threads that help anchor the plant without absorbing nutrients or water like roots do.
Do mosses have roots?
No, moss does not have roots.
Why does moss grow close to the ground?
Moss grows close to the ground because they cannot carry water up the plant structure
Where do mosses grow?
Moss grows in damp shady areas in clumps
What does moss have in common with lichens?
Moss and lichens are the first plants to grown in rocky ground, and they can break apart rocks allowing the early stages of soil formation.
How does moss help prevent soil erosion?
Moss absorbs many times its size in water, so captures rainfall.
Which plant is more advanced than moss?
Ferns are slightly more advanced than moss.
Unlike moss, ferns have a…
Ferns have a vascular system to transport water.
What moves water around the fern?
xylem is a transport tissue that moves water around the plant
What moves nutrients around the fern?
phloem moves nutrients, particularly sugar, around the plant.
Unlike moss ferns also have…
roots that absorb water and nutrients.
How is water and nutrients transported around the plant?
Stems and leaves via the xylem and phloem transport the nutrients and water.
What are ferns known for?
Ferns have fiddleheads, the curled up leaves of young ferns.
Where do ferns grow?
Ferns grow on mountains, crevices, swamps and moist forests.
What is the most common fern?
The most common fern is bracken fern.
The first group of vascular plants to produce seeds were…
Gymnosperms… conifers. Gynmo…naked sperm…seed means naked seed
Conifers includes..
pines, cedars,junipers, spruces and other trees.
What do conifers have in common?
They are woody, have cones and needles (needles are long pointy leaves), they are evergreen.
Do conifers lose their leaves?
No, they stay green but over the winter they slowly replace their old leaves (needles)
How does the waxy coating on pine needles help the tree?
The waxy coating helps the tree keep its water throughout the winter, but it can still do photosynthesis
Where are conifers mainly found?
Conifers are mainly in the northern hemisphere.
What makes up 90% of the plant kingdom?
Flowering plants.. angiosperms
Describe angiosperms…
Angiosperms are vascular, seed-producing plants with flowers and fruit that enclose the seeds.
Where do you find flowering plants (angiosperms)?
Angiosperms are all over the world in al biomes.
