Biology set 4 Flashcards
What is fruit the result of?
Fruit is the result of the maturation of a flower
Fruit is only found in what type of plant?
An angiosperm as they are the only ones that have flowers
What is the scientific way to describe a fruit?
A fruit is the ripened ovary of a seed-bearing plant which contains its seeds
What happens as a seed develops?
As the seed develops, its ovary begins to ripen and the ovary wall (the pericarp) becomes fleshy (like berries or apples) or forms a hard coating (beans, wheat, tomatoes)
Why is a tomato a fruit and not a vegetable?
Because it grows from a flower!!
What makes plants different from other organisms?
Plants are self feeding.
What is an autotroph?
An autotroph is a self feeding organism
How do plants make their own food?
Plants make food through photosynthesis
What are humans called?
Humans are heterotrophs, which means gets food from the outside
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis if the process in which light energy is converted to chemical energy.
What does chlorophyll do?
Chlorophyll pigments in the chloroplasts use water and carbon dioxide from the air which both store energy in their chemical bonds.
What are carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are types of sugars (sucrose is table sugar)
What are two carbohydrates in plants?
Plants have starch and cellulose, and pectin in the fruit
Where are carbohydrates stored in plants?
Plants store carbohydrates in their leaves and stems, or fruit or roots (carrots)
What is respiration?
Respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis.
Describe the process of respiration.
Oxygen reacts with sugar in the plant cell releasing chemical energy, the energy is given to ATP Adenosine triphosphate and transported to the cell to be used up.
What does respiration release off as ‘garbage’?
The end result of respiration is carbon dioxide and water.
What time of day can respiration happen?
Day or night
What time of day can photosynthesis happen?
Photosynthesis happens only during sunlight hours
What is transpiration?
Transpiration is another word for evaporation of the water from the surface of leaves and stems
Where does water that comes from respiration exit a plant?
Water exits a plant through stomata
What are stomata?
Stomata are tiny pores in the leaves that can open and close
How does carbon dioxide get into a plant?
Carbon dioxide gets into a plant through the stomata
How does water first get into a plant?
Water gets into a plant through the roots
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the name of the process where water moves up a plant’s roots.
What is xylem?
xylem is the specialized tissue that water travels along inside a plant.
How does a plant conserve water during dry times?
The plant can close the stomata to decrease evaporation
What is the problem with closing stomata?
When the stomata close carbon dioxide can’t get in, so the plant has no energy source
What is the result of less photosynthesis?
The plant will slow down growth if it doesn’t get enough energy.
How have plants adapted to not being able to move around to find nutrients?
The plant balances its water intake, evaporation, and photosynthesis so it can survive in a variety of habitats.
What is a biofuel?
A biofuel is a fuel made from organic material such as plants or algae
What are ethanol and biodiesel?
Ethanol and biodiesel are types of biofuel that are already in use to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels.
What is ethanol?
Ethanol is a type of alcohol made from corn and wheat. Most of our gas already has 5-10% ethanol in it. It is made in Canada and uses the parts of wheat and corn that are usually thrown away.
What is biodiesel fuel?
Biodiesel is made from chemically reacting fat/oil and alcohol.Most biodiesel comes from canola oil, but can come from algae and soybeans or waste vegetable oil from restaurants.
