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Science Challenge 2014 > Biology set 3 > Flashcards

Biology set 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the two main parts of a plant?

A

Shoot system and root system are the two main parts of the plant

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2
Q

What are the three main parts of the shoot system?

A

Leaves, stems and reproductive structures are the main parts of the shoot system

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3
Q

What is the root system made up of?

A

Roots only

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4
Q

What is the role/job of leaves?

A

provide a place for photosynthesis, absorb/move water (transpiration)

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5
Q

What are the two parts of a leaf?

A

The lamina, the petiole

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6
Q

What is the lamina?

A

The lamina is the leaf blade

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7
Q

What is the petiole?

A

The petiole is the leaf stalk

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8
Q

Do all leaves have a lamina and petiole?

A

No, but most do have these two parts

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9
Q

Why do some leaves have unusual shapes and sizes?

A

Leaves with unusual shapes/sizes have specialized functions

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10
Q

Why might leaves have a small size or waxy coating?

A

The waxy coating or small size stops water loss

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11
Q

What are the red ‘flowers’ on a Poinsettia plant in winter?

A

The red ‘flowers’ are actually specialized leaves called bracts (the flowers are the little yellow centres)

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the bracts?

A

The purpose of the red bracts is to attract insects to pollinate the plant

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13
Q

What does pollen contain?

A

Pollen contains the sperm of a plant

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14
Q

What are pollinators?

A

Pollinators are insects or birds that will transport the pollen from one plant to another

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15
Q

what is the stem of a plant?

A

The stem of a plant is the core of the shoot system

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16
Q

What are the two parts of a stem?

A

The stem is divided into the nodes and internodes.

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17
Q

What are nodes?

A

Nodes are where buds grown into leaves or other stems or flowers

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18
Q

What are internodes?

A

Internodes are the parts between nodes.

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19
Q

Most stems are above ground, unless the plant is what kind of plant?

A

Plants called tubers, such as potatoes, have stems under the ground

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20
Q

What is the role of the stem?

A

The role of the stem is to provide support for the plant, place for leaves and fruit/flowers to grow, keeps leaves facing the sunlight, transports nutrients and water, stores nutrients.

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21
Q

How might humans use a plant’s stem?

A

Stems might have sugar (sugar cane) or maple syrup (sap)

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22
Q

What is the stem of a tree?

A

tree stems are called trunks

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23
Q

What else do we get from tree stems or bark?

A

we get wood, paper from the stem, cinnamon, cork come from bark

24
Q

Where do you find roots?

A

Roots are usually, but not always, below ground

25
Q

What is the role of roots?

A

Roots anchor the plant to the ground, take up water and minerals for growth, store food and nutrients, and provide a means of reproduction (asexual)

26
Q

How do roots get the oxygen they need to survive?

A

Roots can get oxygen naturally from between the grains of soil.

27
Q

When the ground is saturated with water what happens to the roots?

A

When there is too much water, the roots cannot get oxygen in the soil, so they grown outside of the soil

28
Q

What are fibrous roots?

A

Fibrous roots are thin and hairlike, those of a tomato plant

29
Q

What are taproots?

A

Tap roots are thick and short… like carrots

30
Q

What are buttress roots?

A

Buttress roots are somewhere in between … like a fig tree.

31
Q

What are the four ways that plants might reproduce?

A

Asexual reproduction, fragmentation, or sexually

32
Q

What is asexual reproduction in plants?

A

Asexual reproduction is when algae just clones itself by fission (splitting)

33
Q

What is fragmentation?

A

Fragmentation is when a plant breaks apart and both regrow

34
Q

What is plant sexual reproduction?

A

When plants have male and female eggs and sperm that are spread by insects or birds

35
Q

What are spores?

A

Spores are reproductive cells that are able to develop into a new individual without fusing with another cell. (these are not like seeds)

36
Q

What type of plants have spores?

A

Non seed bearing plants have spores, such as algae, moss, ferns

37
Q

What do spores need to grown new plants?

A

A spore needs favorable conditions and then it will grow a new plant

38
Q

How do spores get to a new location to grow?

A

Often they are under the leaves of plants and are carried by wind or rain.

39
Q

What might ‘eat’ spores?

A

Bacteria and fungi might consume spores

40
Q

What is the job of a flower?

A

A flower gives a way for sperm to find the eggs, thus making a new plant

41
Q

What are the sepals?

A

The sepals are the green parts outside/around the petals.

42
Q

What are petals?

A

Petals are usually colourful, and are modified leaves similar to the bracts of a Pointsettia

43
Q

What is a stamen?

A

A stamen contains a filament topped by pollen producing cells

44
Q

What is the carpel?

A

The carpel contains the plant’s ovary (where the eggs are located)

45
Q

What are seeds?

A

Seeds are the embryonic (immature) plants enclosed in a protective coating

46
Q

What is endosperm?

A

Endosperm is rich in oil, starch and protein, and is a seed’s stored nutrients

47
Q

How are seeds dispersed (sent to new places)?

A

Seeds can be dispersed by wind, by water, by animals.

48
Q

How do animals disperse seeds?

A

They eat them and poop them out, or they get stuck in fur and spread that way.

49
Q

Which is more evolutionary advanced seeds or spores?

A

Seeds are more evolutionarily advanced

50
Q

What is the difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms?

A

Gymnosperms seeds are covered by the scales of cones, angiosperms the seed becomes covered with a fleshy or hard fruit

51
Q

What are cones?

A

Cones are the part of a conifer which contains the reproductive structures.

52
Q

What is the difference between male and female cones?

A

Female cones produce ovules, males cones which are smaller and less visible produce pollen (a yellowish powder)

53
Q

Where do you find male and female cones on a fir tree?

A

Male cones are closer to the ground, female cones are higher up.

54
Q

What is cross-pollination?

A

Cross-pollination is being fertilized by another plant

55
Q

What is self-pollination?

A

Self-fertilization is when the plant is fertilized by itself. Plants must avoid this.

56
Q

Why are male and female cones in different spots on a tree?

A

The wind will carry the pollen from the females downwards to a new tree.

Science Challenge 2014 (24 decks)

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