Energy Systems Flashcards
What are the two anaerobic energy systems
ATP-PC system
Lactic Acid system
What are the three energy systems
ATP-PC systems
Lactic Acid system
Aerobic Glycolysis system
ATP is the only energy source for all bodily functions:
True or False
True- when it is used for energy production it must be replenished
What does energy do
Allows us to perform muscular contractions
What is chemical energy
Energy that was source from food
What is kinetic energy
Energy we gain from movement
What is potential energy
Stored energy
What does EPOC stand for
Excess post exercise oxygen consumption
What is ATP made up of
1 Adenosine molecule and 3 phosphate molecules
How many grams of ATP are there in the muscle cell
40-50g
How long does ATP last before it has to be resynthesised
2-4 seconds of high intensity activity
What is the breakdown of ATP
ATP<->ADP+Pi+Energy
How do phosphates provide energy
Phosphates are attached by high energy bonds which when removed, provide energy
how does a phosphate require energy for muscular contraction
a phosphate will need to break off using an enzyme called ATPase
when is energy released
when the phosphate bond is broken
what is the reason for fatigue
depletion of ATP
where does aerobic respiration occur
the mitochondria
what is the sarcoplasm
the outer area of the muscle
what are the three factors that affect ATP regeneration
intensity
duration
fitness levels
what kind of system is the ATP-PC system
it is an anaerobic energy system
where is phosphocreatine found
the sarcoplasm
how long does the ATP-PC system last for
8-12 seconds
give sporting examples that use the ATP-PC system
100m sprint
shotput
plymetrics
interval training
how efficient is the ATP-PC system
it is the most inefficient energy system
what is the energy yield of the ATP-PC system
1:1
where is phosphate creatine stored
the muscle (fast twitch type IIx)
what in the body detects high levels of ADP
creatine kinase (an enzyme)
how much of PC stores is restored after 3 minutes
98%
what kind of exercise uses the ATP-PC system
short,maximal,explosive movement
advantages of the ATP-PC system
immediate source of ATP
highly suitable for explosive,maximal intensity activity
does not require oxygen
produces no fatiguing byproducts
disadvantages
can only be used for 8-12 seconds
very inefficient system
1:1 energy yield (very low)
where is glycogen stored
the muscles and liver
which system breaks down glucose and glycogen to form ATP
the lactic acid system
which system produces a fatiguing byproduct when generating ATP and what is it
the lactic acid system
lactic acid (H+ ions)
how long does the lactic acid system provide energy for
3 minutes (peaks at one minute)
advantages of the lactic acid system
doesn’t require oxygen
when compared to the ATP-PC system it doubles the amount of ATP resynthesis (2)
used for high intensity efforts
lasts up to 3 minutes
disadvantages of the lactic acid system
produces muscular fatiguing byproducts (lactic acid/H+ ions)
H+ ions disturb the work of enzymes (denatures enzyme activity)
when compared to the aerobic system, there is a low energy yield - 2:1 compared to 38:1
which is the most efficient energy system
the aerobic energy system
which energy system is the slowest at ATP resynthesis
the aerobic energy system
what does the aerobic system need to be in the presence of in order to resynthesise ATP
it needs to be in the presence of oxygen within the mitochondria
which energy system is used for long distance events
the aerobic system
what are the 3 ways through which the aerobic system produces ATP
the krebs cycle
the electron transport chain
beta oxidation
how much more oxygen is needed to fully metabolise fats compared to carbohydrates (glycogen)
15-20%
how long does the aerobic system last for
5+minutes
sporting examples of the aerobic system
marathons
1500m
long distance cycling
continuous training
advantages of the aerobic system
most efficient energy system
high energy yield 38:1
produces no fatiguing byproducts (does produce CO2 and H2O)
can metabolise glucose, lipids and protiens
disadvantages of the aerobic system
requires high levels of oxygen
15-20% more oxygen is needed to break down fats in comparison to carbohydrates
how many energy systems are active at one time
all the energy systems are active at the same time however one is more predominant than the others due to the intensity, duration and the fitness levels of the performer
what is intensity
the amount of effort being put in
what is duration
how long the performer is working for
how does aerobic fitness impact an athlete
a higher level of aerobic fitness will mean it takes a performer longer to reach the anaerobic threshold
how does anaerobic fitness impact an athlete
the greater the anaerobic fitness of an athlete, the longer the performer can work in the anaerobic zone for
what are the two anaerobic food fuels
PC stores (explosive, very short duration)
glycogen/glucose (high intensity, short duration)
