Energy supply and effects of exercise on body Flashcards
Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
What is the process involving concerting food to energy
Body breaks down carbs into glucose
Some glucose is stored in muscles as glycogen, the rest is carried away to cells in the organs of the bodies
Aerobic respiration equation
glucose + oxygen -> Water + Carbon dioxide
Anaerobic respiration formula
Glucose -> Lactic acid
How is aerobic respiration used in physical activity
When doing actives with low intensity such as walking and jogging, aerobic respiration is used
How is anaerobic respiration used in physical activity
During high levels of intensity
Muscles require energy quickly
Glucose converted into energy but in smaller amounts compared to aerobic respiration
example of aerobic energy demands for running or jogging
Jogging or running long distance,
Keeping the same place for most of the time whilst doing exercise which requires less power so aerobic energy is used
example of anaerobic energy demand in sprinting
In sprinting you will require much more power and for a shorter period of time therefore anaerobic respiration is used
Recovery
Why does the body need more oxygen after intense exercise
Because lactic acid in cells is required to be removed and bring the body back to resting rate
What is oxygen debt
Oxygen debt is the amount of oxygen needed to bring the body back to resting rate
How is EPOC caused
Caused by anaerobic exercise, produces lactic acid and requiring high breathing rate to remove lactic acid
How does overall strength and fitness affect recovery time
Stronger muscles mean they will be quicker at absorbing oxygen needed to remove lactic acid
How does genetics affect recovery time
Some inherit from parents the ability to recover quicker from hard intense exercise compared to some who may feel more exhausted
How does age affect recovery time
As you grow older, Generally longer recovery time is needed
How does gender affect recovery time
Physically fit woman and greater resistance to fatigue than male, especially at low to moderate intensities
How does sleep affect recovery time
Good sleep helps body recover quickly
Bad sleep interrupts the recovery
Short term affects of exercise
What are the immediate effects on the body
Increased heart rate because more oxygen needs to be sent through blood to the muscles to turn glucose to energy
Breathing increased because more oxygen is required and for that to happen more breathes are needed`
What happens to the body during exercise
Reddening of the skin Sweating Fatigue Nausea Light headedness
How does fatigue affect performance
When the muscle fibres work for too long at maximum level which leads to the body not performing at the highest level
How does nausea affect performance
Nausea results to blood flow being diverted away from the stomach, Which leads to slow digestion
Dehydration also can give you the feeling of nausea
Over hydration can also affect because excess water dilutes electrolytes to stop them from working
Long term effects on exercise
What happens to the heart after training for a long period of time
Muscle walls of the heart become thicker and stronger increasing size of heart
Resting pulse rate decreases
Ability to tolerate lactic acid quicker
Increase in stroke volume because more blood needs to be pumped out the heart
