Energy & Biosynthesis Flashcards
Explain the function of an enzyme
Catalyze(encourage) a specific reaction
Define Metabolic Pathway
Reactions are connected in a series, building one upon the other
Define Metabolism
The different pathways are all interconnected into a web of reactions
List & explain the two basic types of reactions in the body.
Catabolic: break down foodstuff into smaller molecules
Anabolic: use energy(from catabolism) to synthesis compounds
Define Entropy
The level of disorder in a system
State the 2nd law of thermodynamics
Over time, the level of disorder in a system increases
Describe how biological structures are able to overcome the 2nd law of thermodynamics
Use energy, gotten from environment and stored in chemical bonds
State the 1st law of thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Define Activation Carriers
Used to store energy for unfavorable reactions
Difference between oxidation and reduction
Oxidation: the addition O to a molecules
~ the transfer of electrons away from a molecule-Making it more positive
~The removal of H+ ions
Reduction: the addition of electrons to a molecule
~ the addition of H+ ions (hydrogenation)
Explain the purpose of activation carriers
They are used to store energy for unfavorable reactions
Store energy in energy-rich covalent bonds or higher energy electrons
Can be a source of energy or a source of chemical groups for other reactions
Define covalent bond
Share valence electrons
Define high energy electrons
Electrons pushed to a higher energy level
List 3 types of activation carriers
ATP, NADH, NADPH
List the most stable form of Carbon in the presence of oxygen
CO2