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General Bio > Central Dogma > Flashcards

Central Dogma Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define Exon

A

Sequence that codes for amino acids

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2
Q

Define Introns

A

Noncoding segments

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3
Q

Define gene

A

A sequence of DNA from which a specific protein is derived

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4
Q

What is the average length of a human gene in both base pairs and kilobase pairs?

A

10,000 - 15,000 base pairs

10 - 15kbp

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5
Q

List the two components of a gene

A

Exon & Intron

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6
Q

Exons are separated by what

A

Introns

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7
Q

What varies with exons and introns

A

of exons and introns vary and length varies

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8
Q

Identify the direction the template strand is read

A

3’-5’

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9
Q

Where does transcription occur

A

Occurs in the nucleus

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10
Q

What is direction of transcription?

A

mRNA is transcribed in the 5’-3’ direction

Read in the 3’-5’

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11
Q

Transcription definition

A

Converting the DNA sequence of a gene into messenger RNA

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12
Q

Convey the basic postulates of the Central Dogma

A

DNA>RNA>Protein

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13
Q

the process of making protein based on specific DNA sequence is much more
What?

A

Complicated than the Central Dogma states

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14
Q

Where is the location of a promoter

A

Located upstream of a gene

-within 100 bp from 1st exon

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15
Q

What does the terms upstream and downstream mean

A

Upstream - in front of gene

Downstream - behind of gene

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16
Q

What base pairs most commonly found in a Promoter.

A

Includes many A’s and T’s –TATA Box

17
Q

Do the number of promoters vary throughout the gene?

A

Yes

18
Q

Why is there a variety of the number of promoters in a gene

A

For different tissue regulation

19
Q

What is the distance an Enhancer can be from the gene

A

1,000 bp away

20
Q

Define ligand

A

Ion or molecules

21
Q

What is the location of an enhanced

A

On either side of gene

22
Q

What do enhancers do

A

Regulatory sequences

23
Q

Formerly called what DNA

A

Junk DNA

24
Q

DNA sequences encode for what

A

Proteins but not all DNA sequences encodes proteins

25
Q

After the template strand of transcription is transcribed and read, the mRNA

A

Then leaves the nucleus for the cytoplasm

26
Q

Transcription starts when

A

With the promoter

27
Q

What is the function of transcription factors

A

DNA-binding proteins used for gene regulation

28
Q

Where are transcription factors Located in a cell

A

Can be in cytosol or nucleus

- once activated, will move into nucleus

29
Q

How are Transcription Factors activated.

A

Activated by specific ligands
Or
By corepressor or coactivator proteins

30
Q

What is the function of a promoter?

A

Promotes sequences

31
Q

State where in a cell all Transcription Factors have to be to perform their function

A

Can be in cytosol or nucleus

Once activated, will move into nucleus

32
Q

Identify the 3 different types of RNA Poly, and state what each type makes

A

RNA polymerase 1 - rRNA Transcription
RNA polymerase 2 - mRNA transcription
RNA poly 3 - tRNA transcription

33
Q

Identify the first enzyme needed for Transcription to begin

A

RNA polymerase binds to promoter

34
Q

State the direction RNA Poly travels down the Template, and the direction the new strand of RNA is being made.

A

Polymerase reads DNA and copied new RNA strand from 5’-3’

35
Q

Uracil takes place of what in RNA?

A

Thymine

36
Q

Identify the “cap” placed at the 5’ end of the mRNA.

A

7-methylguanine

37
Q

Identify the code at the 3’ end of Housekeeping Genes

A

AAUAAA

38
Q

Identify what is added to the 3’ end of Housekeeping Genes

A

Signals addition of 100 - 200 A’s - The Poly-A Tail

39
Q

Explain why these two structures(7-methylguanine & the poly-a tail) are added to the mRNA.

A

They are used for stability and export to cytoplasm

General Bio (15 decks)

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