Central Dogma Flashcards
Define Exon
Sequence that codes for amino acids
Define Introns
Noncoding segments
Define gene
A sequence of DNA from which a specific protein is derived
What is the average length of a human gene in both base pairs and kilobase pairs?
10,000 - 15,000 base pairs
10 - 15kbp
List the two components of a gene
Exon & Intron
Exons are separated by what
Introns
What varies with exons and introns
of exons and introns vary and length varies
Identify the direction the template strand is read
3’-5’
Where does transcription occur
Occurs in the nucleus
What is direction of transcription?
mRNA is transcribed in the 5’-3’ direction
Read in the 3’-5’
Transcription definition
Converting the DNA sequence of a gene into messenger RNA
Convey the basic postulates of the Central Dogma
DNA>RNA>Protein
the process of making protein based on specific DNA sequence is much more
What?
Complicated than the Central Dogma states
Where is the location of a promoter
Located upstream of a gene
-within 100 bp from 1st exon
What does the terms upstream and downstream mean
Upstream - in front of gene
Downstream - behind of gene
What base pairs most commonly found in a Promoter.
Includes many A’s and T’s –TATA Box
Do the number of promoters vary throughout the gene?
Yes
Why is there a variety of the number of promoters in a gene
For different tissue regulation
What is the distance an Enhancer can be from the gene
1,000 bp away
Define ligand
Ion or molecules
What is the location of an enhanced
On either side of gene
What do enhancers do
Regulatory sequences
Formerly called what DNA
Junk DNA
DNA sequences encode for what
Proteins but not all DNA sequences encodes proteins
