Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Bio > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define nucleic acids

A

Series of repeating nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the constituent parts of a nucleotide?

A

Phosphate Group(PO4 -3)
5-Carbon Sugar (a pentose)
Nitrogen-containing base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a single ring and what bases does it contain?

A

Pyrimidines

Uracil, cytosine, thymine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a double ring and what bass does it contain?

A

Purines

Adenine, Guanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List what Chargaff found in regards to the DNA structure

A

He showed…
Equal concentration of A & T
Equal concentration of G & C
Total pyrimidines = total purines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Explain the role of Wilkins Franklin in regards to identifying the structure of DNA

A

He took and mastered reading X-ray diffraction images

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define complimentary

A

Sequence of 1 strand dictates sequence of other strand

DNA is capable of storing and transmitting genetic info from generation to generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are 10 results from Chargoff and Wilkins

A

1) DNA is a right handed double helix
2) each chain has repeating nucleotides held together by a phosphodiester bonds
3) bases are perpendicular to the molecular axis
4) bases are nonpolar, phosphate and sugar are polar
5) 2 strands are held together by hydrogen bonds
6) Complimentary
7) nitrogen bases are 0.34nm(x10-9m) apart
8) backbones are antiparallel
9) minor vs major groove
10) super oils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Adenine goes with

Cytosine goes with

A

Thymine-Adenine

Guanine-Cytosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the bond that forms between the carbon and oxygen in a connecting nucleotide

A

Ester bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How are hydrogen bonds formed

A

When H of one molecule is attracted to electronegative atom(O or N) of another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many bonds form between A & T

A

2 hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many hydrogen bonds form between C & G

A

3 hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

No H bonds form between A & C and T & G so

A

Those bases are never paired together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is it called when the bases are nonpolar, phosphate and sugar are polar

A

Hydrophobic Core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the hydrophobic core

A

It aids in stability of molecule in aqueous cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the sugar found in DNA and RNA

A

Pentose

18
Q

What is the distance between nitrogen bases in a DNA molecule

A

0.34 nm (x 10-9m)

19
Q

What is the length of one complete turn of the DNA helix and the number of nitrogen bases within one turn ?

A

One turn is 3.4nm

10 base pairs per turn

20
Q

What does antiparallel and what does that mean in terms of DNA structure and strand orientation

A

Antiparallel means in opposite direction

This means 3’-5’ or 5’-3’

21
Q

Describe of supercoiling of DNA

A

All functional DNA is supercoiled
Twisted like a rubber band
Compacts DNA
DNA in most organisms display negative supercoil
-coiled to the left, compared to the right-handed helix

22
Q

Minor vs major groove

A

Transcription factors bond to either major or minor groove

23
Q

Major and minor groove does what

A

Influence genetic expression

24
Q

How much is DNA compressed into

A

2 meters of DNA is compressed into a 10 micrometer(x10-6m) diameter nucleus

25
Q

How is putting 2 meters of DNA into 10 micrometer diameter nucleus achieved

A

Achieved by wrapping DNA around histones

26
Q

Identify the chemical polarity of the bases and the sugar-phosphate backbone, and explain how this aids in molecular stability of DNA.

A

The chemical polarity is that the bases are nonpolar and the phosphate and sugar are nonpolar are polar. This means that the nitrogen bases want to be as far away from the water in the cells so that is why the nitrogen bases go to the middle.

27
Q

Difference between negative and positive supercoiling

A

Negative coiling is to the left

Positive coiling is the right

28
Q

Where do hydrogen bonds form in a DNA strand

A

They form between between the nitrogen bases
2 for adenine and thymine
3 for cytosine and guanine

29
Q

Explain the significance about negative supercoiling

A

All organisms that have negative supercoiling are related and the ones who don’t have negative super coiling are related as well
The gene kept getting past down from generation and generation , so therefore it is an important factor in evolutionary

30
Q

Define nucleosome

A

Smallest functional unit of chromatin

31
Q

How many turns of DNA are wrapped around a history

A

1 3/4

32
Q

What is the protein that holds the DNA to the octane

A

Histone Protein H1

33
Q

How does an octamer form

A

Form by 4 histone proteins(2 of each)

- H2a , H2b , H3 , H4

34
Q

What are the components of a nucleosome

A

DNA , Histone , Octamer

35
Q

How else does DNA adheres to the histone octamer

A

Positive octamers bond to the negatively charged DNA

36
Q

What is the role of the linker DNA and what is their maximum length

A

Linked DNA link nucleosomes together by up to 80 base pairs

- like beads on a string

37
Q

Define chromatin

A

Long and thin strands of DNA

38
Q

What state of the cell cycle does chromatin exists

A

Interphase

39
Q

Nucleotides are held together by

A

Phosphodiester bond

40
Q

Hydrogen bonds aid

A

In the stability of the DNA double helix

41
Q

Antiparallel are the

A

Two backbones run in opposite directions

42
Q

Nucleosome are the

A

Smallest functional component of a chromatin

General Bio (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions