Central Dogma 2 Flashcards
Identify the location of the splicing of mRNA
Occurs in nucleus
Identify the Splice Donor and Splice Acceptor
Splice Donor - 5’ end of all introns start with GU
Splice Acceptor - 3’ end of all introns end with AG
Once introns are removed,
Exons spliced together
State the number of bases usually found in Small Nuclear RNA, and what transcribes it
200 bases and is transcribed by RNA polymerase 2
List the 3 Phases of Translation
1) Initiation
2) Elongation
3) Termination
What happens during the first phase of translation?
Binding tRNA anticodon UAC with the start codon AUG
- reads messenger RNA 5’-3’
List the three sites found in a Ribosome that are used for Translation
1) tRNA enters A site and binds to mRNA
2) peptide bond forms between amino acids in P site with new one is A site. P site amino acid is released
3) ribosome moves down mRNA(towards 3’ end)
- Empty tRNA is released and new mRNA codon is in A site.
PROCESS REPEATS
What happens during the third phase of translation?
Stop codon is reached, OH is released to end of peptide and is released by release factors
Explain how Alternative Splicing affects gene expression
Some exons may be included in the splice, resulting in a different protein being translated
Explain how splicing can be used as a method of evolution and speciation
They can produce many proteins from same gene-gender protein diversity
What is the function of translation
to build a polypeptide (protein) in the cytoplasm of the
cell, from the code found in mRNA (transcribed from DNA), with the help of tRNA and
ribosomes
How do you produce a protein from a mRNA strand
Linking individual amino acids in a polypeptide chain
Where does translation occur
Cytoplasm
Translation organelle is the what
Ribosome
Describe the two subunits that make up a Ribosome
60s & 40s
- each subunit is compromised of proteins and rRNA