Energy and processes Flashcards
What is energy
The capacity to do work
Energy can be neither
Created or destroyed
Only converter from one to another
Metabolism
The sun of all chemical reactions in a cell
Two types of reactions
Anabolic reactions
Catabolic reactions
Anabolic reactions
Join atoms or molecules together using bonds to make bigger molecules
Catabolic reactions
Break bonds of bigger molecules
Hydrolysis is which kind of reaction
Catabolic reaction
Polymerizing is what kind of reaction
Anabolic
Examples of catabolic reactions
Breaking down protein to yeild amino acids
Breaking down a starch to yield glucose molecules
Example of anabolic reactions
Building a protein using amino acids
Enzyme:
A protein that speeds up a reaction without being changed by the reaction
Catalysts
Reactants that are not used up in the course of a reaction, and can therefore be re-used
Substrate
The molecule that an enzyme changes
active site
Location where binding occurs
Cofactors
Helpers for enzymes- they help the enzyme by helping them to bind their substrate or changing their shape to fit better
Two ways to control an enzyme
Competitively
No competitively
Competitive inhibition
They fit onto the substrate and don’t let go, so the competitive inhibitor competes for the active site with the original
Non competitive inhibition
Reaction is blocked because binding of a regulatory molecule in regulatory site changes the confirmation of active site so that substrate cannot enter
What happens when temp is too hot for enzyme
Enzymes denature and cannot be fixed
What happens at slightly warm for enzyme
Enzymes encounter reactants more often, but may be sustaining damage usually do not work as efficiently
Temp too cold for enzyme consequence/
Molecular movements slow down, enzymes are not efficient
Perfect temp for enzymes consequences
Enzymes work at peak efficiency
When energy is released, where does it go
We want to capture and use as much possible
Temporary energy storage molecule: ATP
What is ATP
Sort of like money, using ATP to carry out energy reactions
Celia load respiration’s
Taking the energy in for example glucose and breaking it down, removing that energy from glucose and making it into ATP.
NAD
FADH
ADP
are what
Molecules needed to carry out glucose breakdown
ATP molecule has three phosphates which makes it unstable so what happens
The third triphosphate breaks off and produces energy
Aerobic respiration
Using oxygen in the respiratory process
Anaerobic respiration
Using non oxygen molecules
