Endocrinology Flashcards
Where do receptors for peptide hormones lie?
In plasma membrane
Where do receptors for steroid hormones lie?
Intracellular
Give examples of peptide hormones
- FSH
- Adrenaline
- Insulin
Which are bigger, steroid or peptide hormones?
Steroid hormones
Are steroid hormones lipid-soluble?
Yes
How can receptors be up-regulated?
- Increase in receptors
- Produce more or decrease destruction of receptors
How can receptors be down-regulated?
- Decrease in receptors
- Internalise receptors or increase destruction
Can hormones affect receptors for other hormones, if yes, give an example?
Yes, oestrogen needs to be present for progesterone in 2nd half of the menstrual cycle
What is clomiphene citrate?
Antagonist against oestrogen
Used in treatment for IVF, body produce more oestrogen to compensate
Signal transduction results in:
- Receptor enzyme activity
- Activity of JAK kinases associated with the receptor
- G-proteins generate 2nd messengers
What can cortisol be used for?
Reducing inflammation
What can progesterone be used for?
“Morning after” pill
What is the endocrine system coordinated by?
The hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis
Where are hormones in the hypothalamus secreted and released from?
Adenohypophysis (anterior)
Neurohypophysis (posterior of pituitary gland)
Examples of hormones secreted from the neurohypophysis
Oxytocin and vasopressin