Drugs/Drug Classes Flashcards
Morphine
Acts directly on the CNS
Opiate
Pain relief
Heroin
Opiate drug
Euphoric effects
Pain relief
Acetylsalicylic acid
Binds to cyclooxyrgenase. COX produces lipid mediators which promote inflammation, fever and pain
Pilocarpine
Eye drops used to treat glaucoma
Partial agonist of ACh receptors so decreases HR
Atropine
ACh antagonist - Muscarinic
- inhibits secretion
- smoooth muscle relaxant
- pupillary dilation
- increase body temperature
Nicotine
ACh agonist - Nicotinic
Tubocurarine
Blocks nicotinic ACh receptors
Found in poison arrow frogs
GABA
Glutamate —> GABA (uses glutamate decarboxylase)
Most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain
Phenobarbitone
Activates GABAA receptors (ionotropic)
- reduces AP firing and inhibits membrane depolarisation
Picrotoxin
Antagonist of GABA receptors
Lignocaine
Binds to Na+ channels –> reduces AP firing –> decreased sensation of pain
Apamin
Binds to SK (small conductance calcium-activated K+) channels
SK channels are responsible for hyper polarisation so once bound increases frequency of APs
Increased pain
Dihydropyridines e.g. nifedipine
Binds to Ca2+ channels found in smooth muscle cells and cardiac muscle
Inhibiting Ca2+ entry so relaxes muscle
Used to treat hypertension
Pargyline, Clorgyline
Bind to monoamine oxidase (MAO)
MAO responsible for the breakdown of neurotransmitters
So increased [neurotransmitter] so they act longer
Used to treat depression
Fluoxetine
Binds to serotonin transporter in the brain
Serotonin reuptake inhibited so serotonin acts longer
Used to treat depression
Digoxin
Binds to Na+ transporter that transports Na+ out the heart
Na+ builds up in the heart
Another transporter exchanges Na+ for Ca2+ so increased Ca2+ –> increased contractions
Metformin
Used to treat type 2 diabetes
Oral hypoglycaemic agent in the biguanide group
Lowers glucose synthesis
Doesn’t cause hypoglycaemia but prevent hyperglycaemia
Insulin
Released by ß cells of the islets of Langerhan
Lowers blood glucose concentration
Thyroxine
Needed for proper development of the brain
Stimulates
- protein synthesis
- increase use of glucose and free fatty acids for ATP production
- increased lipolysis
Iodine
Thyroid gland takes iodine from foods and converts into thyroid hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine
Muscarine
ACh agonist - Muscarinic
Decreases bp, increases saliva/tear flow/sweating, ab pain
Death from cardiac and respiratory failure
Sildenafil
Viagra
Potentiates NO action –> treats erectile dysfunction
Adrenaline
Adrenergic receptor agonist α1 - Stimulates phospholipase C α2 - Inhibits adenylate cyclase ß receptors BP increases Dilates bronchi Potent vasopressor Treats anaphylactic shock
Salbutamol
adrenergic ß2 selective agonist
Treat asthma
Targets bronchiole smooth muscle
ß3 selective adrenergic agonists
Receptors found on adipocytes, when activated, adipolysis
May help weight loss
Propranolol
ß1 selective adrenergic antagonist (ß blocker)
Treat angina
Atenolol
ß1 selective adrenergic antagonist (ß blocker)
Treat angina
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensinogen —> Angiotensin I —> Angiotensin II
Binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme
Angiotensin I —/ Angiotensin II
Phenylephrine
α1 adrenergic receptor agonist
Nasal decongestant, dilates pupils
Dobutamine
ß1 adrenergic agonist
Treats hypotension
Prazosin
α1 adrenergic receptor antagonist
Treats hypertension, PTSD etc.
Verapamil
Ca2+ channel blocker
Treat hypertension and angina
Terbutaline
β2 adrenergic receptor agonist
Bronchodilator
Furosemide
Loop diuretic Increases urine flow rate Inhibits sodium reabsorption --> Inhibits H2O reabsorption Treat high bp Side effects: Bartter's-like symptoms
Bumetanide
Loop diuretic Increases urine flow rate Inhibits sodium reabsorption --> Inhibits H2O reabsorption Treat high bp Side effects: Bartter's-like symptoms
Chlorothiazide
Thiazide diuretic
Treat high BP
Side effects: Gitelman’s-like symptoms
Acts on early distal tubule
Amiloride
Potassium-sparing diureitc
Acts on distal tubule and collecting duct
Blocks ENaC
Treats high BP
Progesterone-only pill
Oral contraception
Cortisol
Reduce inflammation
Clomiphene citrate
Oestrogen antagonist
Treatment for an ovulation and IVF
Body produces more oestrogen to compensate
Botulinum toxin
Stops release of ACh from axon endings at neuromuscular junctions
Cimetidine
Treats and prevents ulcers of the stomach and small intestine. Treat acid reflux
Ranitidine
Histamine-2 blockers
Reduces amount of acid produced by the stomach
Omeprazole
Reduces amount of acid produced by the stomach
Triple therapy; amoxicillin, clarithromycin and PPI
Treat peptic ulcers caused by helicobacter pylori
