Endocrine System - Topic 1

Question 1

Functions of the endocrine system?

Answer 1

1. Made up of glands that produce and secrete hormones
2. Regulation of growth, metabolism, sexual development
3. Responses to stress and injury
4. Maintains homeostasis

Question 2

What are hormones?

Answer 2

Hormones are chemical messengers that act on target cells

Question 3

What are the main structure in the endocrine system?

Answer 3

Pineal Gland
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Gland
Thymus Gland
Adrenal Gland
Pancreas
Testis or Ovaries

Question 4

What is the anterior pituitary hormone?

Answer 4

Stimulates milk production form a women’s breast after childbirth and can affects sex hormone levels

Question 5

What is the growth hormone GH?

Answer 5

Stimulates growth in childhood and is important for maintain body composition
Is also important for adults maintain muscle mass and bone mass
It can also affect fat distribution in the body

Question 6

What is the adrenocorticotropin of ACTH hormone?

Answer 6

Stimulates production of cortisol by the adrenal glands

Question 7

What does cortisol do?

Answer 7

Helps maintain blood pressure and blood glucose levels

Question 8

What is the thyroid stimulating hormone TSH?

Answer 8

Stimulates thyroid glands to make thyroid hormones which regulate the body’s metabolism, energy, growth and development and nervous system activity

Question 9

What is the luteinizing hormone LH?

Answer 9

Regulates testosterone in men and oestrogen in women

Question 10

What is the follicle-stimulating hormone FSH?

Answer 10

Promotes sperm production in men and stimulates the ovaries to release eggs in women
LH and FSH work together to allow normal function of the ovaries and testis

Question 11

What is oxytocin?

Answer 11

Oxytocin causes milk to letdown in nursing mothers and contraction during childbirth

Question 12

What is the antidiuretic hormone ADH?

Answer 12

is stored in the back part of the pituitary gland and regulates water balance

Question 13

What is dopamine?

Answer 13

Inhibits the release of prolactin

Question 14

What is the growth hormone releasing hormone GHRH?

Answer 14

Stimulates the release of the growth hormone

Question 15

What are thyroid hormones example?

Answer 15

Thyroxine
Calcitonin

Question 16

What does thyroxine do?

Answer 16

Speed up chemical reactions

Question 17

What does calcitonin do?

Answer 17

Regulates the blood concentration of calcium

Question 18

What happens with a lack of Iodine?

Answer 18

Iodine is essential for the formation of thyroxine and a lack of it causes swelling of the thyroid

Question 19

Where is the adrenal gland located?

Answer 19

At the top of the kidneys

Question 20

What does adrenaline do?

Answer 20

Prepares body for fight or flight response?

Question 21

What are pancreas hormone examples?

Answer 21

Glucagon
Insulin

Question 22

What does glucagon do?

Answer 22

Stimulates the liver to break down glycogen and raises blood sugar

Question 23

What does insulin do?

Answer 23

Decreases blood sugar concentrations and affects the uptake of glucose by cells

Question 24

What is hypoglycaemia?

Answer 24

When glucose levels become too low

Question 25

What is signal transduction?

Answer 25

The process of converting a stimulus into a response

Question 26

What is reception?

Answer 26

Detection of a signaling molecule.
Receptors can be on the cell surface, in cytoplasm or in the nucleus

Question 27

What is transduction?

Answer 27

Converting a signal into a form that can be relayed

Question 28

What is a response

Answer 28

Cellular activity
Can occur in the nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane

Question 29

Recognize how a cell’s sensitivity to a specific hormone is directly related to the number of receptors it displays for that hormone

Answer 29

A cell’s sensitivity to a hormone increases with more receptors, allowing greater binding and response to the hormone’s presence