Adaptive Immunity - Topic 2 Flashcards
What is the adaptive immunity system?
There are two main components of the adaptive immune system: the humoral and the cell-mediated responses. They work separately and together to protect against disease
What is the humoral response?
The humoral response is associated with the serum (the non-cellular part of the blood) and involves the action of antibodies secreted by B cells (B lymphocytes)
What are antibodies and where are they located?
Antibodies are found in extracellular fluids including lymph, plasma and mucus secretions and protect against viruses and bacteria and their toxins
What are cells-mediated immune response?
The cells-mediated immune response is associated with the production of specialized lymphocytes called T cells
Where do B-cells and T-cells originate (before maturing)?
Bone marrow
Where do B-cells mature?
Bone marrow
Where do T-cells mature?
Thymus
What is the humoral immune response further?
The humoral immune response involves B-cells producing anti-bodies that target and neutralize pathogens in body fluids. Activated B-cells also form memory cells for quicker in future infections
What cell-mediated immune system further?
The cell-mediated immune response involves T-cells attacking infected or abnormal cells directly. It targets pathogens inside cells and includes cytotoxic T-cells destroying infected cells and tumor cells
Explain how an antigen causes the activation and proliferation of T-cells and B-cells?
An antigen binds to specific receptors on T-cells and B-cells, triggering their activation. This leads to the proliferation (multiplication) of these cells, enhancing the immune response against the pathogen
What are T helper cells?
Helper T cells are a type of immune cell. When they sense an infection, they activate other immune cells to fight
What are T killer cells?
A type of immune cell that can kill certain cells, including foreign cells, cancer cells, and cells infected with a virus
Describe the function of memory cells in both humoral and cell-mediated responses?
Memory cells in humoral and cell-mediated responses provide long-term immunity by quickly recognizing and responding to previously encountered antigens.
