Endocrine system Flashcards

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1
Q

3 functions

A

1) help maintain homeostasis 2)acts with nervous system to respond to stress 3) regulator of growth and development

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2
Q

gland

A

cluster of cells specialized to secrete materials not related to their ordinary metabolic needs

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3
Q

endocrine gland

A

organs whose secretion are released directly into circulatory system - Ductless

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4
Q

exocrine gland

A

secrete substances through ducts e.g sweat glands

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5
Q

categories of hormone messages

A

1) regulation- homeostasis 2) response- respond to changes in envoir 3) reproductive 4) growth & development

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6
Q

endocrine hormones - peptide hormones

A

peptide hormones binds to receptor of cell surface, 2nd messenger appears in cytoplasm, this triggers signal transduction leading to cellular responses

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7
Q

steroid hormones

A

synthesised from cholesterol and pass through
cell membrane and bind to steroid hormone receptors to bring changes to cell

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8
Q

binding domains -sh

A

Amino-terminus - activates transcription by interacting with other components
DNA binding domain - aa responsible for binding of the receptor to specific sequences of dna
carboxyl terminus - binds hormone

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9
Q

hormone metabolism

A

by target cell, endocytosis and lysosomal enzymes, proteolytic enzymes in blood and liver

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10
Q

positive feedback loop

A

makes the gland produce more of its hormone

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11
Q

negative feedback loop

A

makes gland produce less of its hormone

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12
Q

thyroid gland

A

2 hormones - tri-iodothyronine(t3) , thyroxine(t4). function is to regulate cell metabolism

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13
Q

pituitary gland

A

secretes 9 hormones - oxytocin, prolactin, ADH,ACTH, TSH,GH,FSH, LH, MSH. regulated by hypothalamus

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14
Q

calcitonin

A

lowers blood calcium inhibits release of calcium from bone

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15
Q

parathyroid hormone

A

increases blood calcium- promotes release from bone, stimulates kidneys to reabsorb calcium from urine, stimulates intestine to absorb more from digested food

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16
Q

adrenal glands 1 - Adrenal cortex

A

1) mineralocorticoids - regulate levels of Na, K, most important aldosterone
2)Glucocorticoids - affect glucose metabolism, manufactured from non-carb source

17
Q

2 - Adrenal medulla

A

hormone Adrenaline, causes heart rate to fasten , increases blood glucose, promotes protein and lipid synthesis

18
Q

pancreas- endo, exo functions

A

endocrine- secretes insulin and glucagon, insulin decreases blood glucose, glucagon increases blood glucose
exocrine- secretes digestive enzymes ions and water into duodenum

19
Q
A