Endocrine System Flashcards
Pituitary gland =
Master gland
Hormones that are hydrophilic meaning they can easily move through blood plasma
Peptide hormones
Lipids that are synthesized from cholesterol and they are hydrophobic, so they must bind to hydrophilic transport proteins in order to travel through plasma.
Steroid hormones
The portion of hormone molecules that are attached to transport proteins is called
Bound hormone
Hormone secretion is commonly controlled by what
Feedback systems
Is activity decreased by rising levels of the hormone the feedback is said to be what
Negative
If the activity is increased by falling levels of the hormone the feedback is said to be
Positive
What are the three main chemical groups of hormones ?
Peptide, steroid, monoamine
Which chemical hormone group(s) bind to receptors on the target cell membrane?
Catecholamine
Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands and are secreted directly into blood vessels
Hormones
Has important nervous system function, including appetite control l, body temperature regulation, and control of sleep/wake cycles. This also plays a role with the endocrine system by having control over the pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
The pituitary gland is located where
Ventral to the hypothalamus and is attached to it by a slender stalk.
What is the purpose of the posterior pituitary gland
Does not produce any hormones, but stores and releases two hormones that are produced in the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary along nerve fibers.
What is the purpose of the anterior pituitary gland
Produces several hormones, when stimulated by the hypothalamus and direct feedback from target organs and tissues.
What are the 7 known anterior pituitary hormones
GH
PROLACTIN
TSH
ACTH
FCH
LH
MSH
GH =
Growth hormone
Growth hormone is also known as what
Somatotropin and somatotropic hormone
What is the purpose of GH
The promotion of body growth in young animals, particularly bone and muscle. It also helps regulate the metabolism of proteins, carbs, and lipids in all of the body cells
Building or (synthesis) of proteins by body cells
Anabolism
Breakdown in body cells for energy production and discourages the cells from using carbohydrates, and glucose as energy sources.
Catabolism
True or false
Insulin rises blood glucose levels
False
It lowers blood glucose levels
Helps trigger and maintain lactation, the secretion of milk by the mammary glands.
Prolactin
TSH =
Thyroid stimulation hormone
TSH is also known as
Thyrotropic hormone
What is the purpose of TSH
Stimulates the growth and development of the thyroid gland and causes it to produce its hormones.
ACTH =
AdrenoCorticoTropic Hormone
What is the purpose of ACTH
Stimulates the growth and development of the cortex (outer portion) of the adrenal gland and the release of some of its hormones. (Stress)
FSH =
Follicle Stimulating hormone
What is the purpose of FSH in a female
It stimulates the growth and development of follicles in the ovaries. It also stimulates the lining cells of the follicles to produce and secrete estrogens
The female sex hormone estrogen is responsible for what
The physical and behavioral changes that prepare the female for breeding and pregnancy.
What is the purpose of FSH in a male
Stimulates the development of male reproductive cells.
LH =
Luteinizing hormone
What is the purpose of LH in a female
Completes the process of follicle development in the ovary that was started by FSH. Causes the production of FSH to decrease and LH to increase
What is the purpose of LH in a male
Stimulates the cells in the testes called interstitial cells to develop and produce the male sex hormone testosterone