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Vet Tech A & P > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

What blood vessel Carries blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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2
Q

What blood vessel Carries blood to the heart

A

Veins

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3
Q

What forms transitions between arteries and veins

A

Capillaries

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4
Q

The heart is located where in the thoracic cavity

A

Mediastinum

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5
Q

The heart in contained in a fibrous sac called

A

The pericardium

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6
Q

What are the three wall layers of the heart ?

A

Myocardium, epicardium, endocardium

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7
Q

The middle and thickest layer of the heart which is the muscular layer is the

A

Myocardium

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8
Q

The outermost layer of the heart wall is

A

Epicardium

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9
Q

The membrane that lies on the internal surface of the myocardium. It is composed of thin, flat, simple squamous epithelium and forms the lining of the heart chambers

A

Endocardium

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10
Q

The not so smooth inside surface of the myocardium that forms ridges and nipple like projections is called

A

Papillary muscles

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11
Q

The _______ ventricular wall is thinner than the _____

A

Right, left

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12
Q

Blood cycles through the body in a “____________”

A

Figure 8

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13
Q

Why is cardiac muscle considered autorythmic

A

It can create its own contractions and relaxations through its internal conduction system

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14
Q

Why is the wall of the right ventricle thinner than the wall of the left ventricle

A

The left ventricle does most of the work and is much larger

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15
Q

What is the function of the chordae tendonae

A

To shut and open valves

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16
Q

The large vein that brings deoxygenated blood from the systematic circulation to the heart

A

Vena cava

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17
Q

What in the heart is considered the pace maker

A

SA node

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18
Q

Where is the SA node located

A

The wall of the right atrium

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19
Q

At rest the cardiac muscle is
(A) polarized
(B) depolarized

A

(A) polarized

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20
Q

When the cardiac muscles are at rest where are the ions located ?

A

Na and Ca are located on the outer membrane of the cell and K is located inside the cell

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21
Q

Is the myocardium contracting, causing a chamber to to empty itself of blood

A

Systole

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22
Q

The myocardium relaxing and repolarizing after a contraction, allowing the chambers to fill with blood again. The resting phase

A

Diastole

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23
Q

The sound lub is produced when then ______ and _______ valves snap shut (AV valves)

A

Tricuspid and mitral

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24
Q

The sound dub from the heart is produced after ventricular systole and the _______ and _______ valves snap shut (SV valves)

A

Pulmonary and aortic

25
Q

A heart condition where one or more of the cardiac valves don’t close all the way which produces a murmur

A

Valvular insufficiency

26
Q

The volume of blood that is ejected out of the left ventricle over a unit of time, usually a minute

A

CO, Cardiac Output

27
Q

Cardiac Output is determined by

A

Stroke volume and heart rate
SV x HR

28
Q

What is a heart rate

A

The rate of spontaneous SA node depolarization

29
Q

Stroke volume is a measurement of what ?

A

The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle during in contraction

30
Q

What is the normal heart rate for a dog ?

A

70-120bpm

31
Q

What is the normal heart rate for a cat

A

120-140bpm

32
Q

The inner layer that lines the lumen of the vessel is_______. It is composed of of thin tissue and is continuous with the endocardium that lines the chambers of the heart. Provides a smooth surface for the least amount of friction

A

Endothelium

33
Q

What is the largest elastic artery in the body

A

Aorta

34
Q

Heart —> arteries—> ________—>capillaries—>_____—> veins —> heart

A

Atrioles, Venules

35
Q

Microscopic blood vessels from branching arterioles

A

Capillaries

36
Q

The smallest branches of the arterial tree

A

Arterioles

37
Q

In order to get blood back to the heart the capillaries Join together to form tiny veins called

A

Venules

38
Q

Newborns receive oxygen through

A

Their own lungs

39
Q

A fetus receives oxygen through

A

The blood of it’s mother

40
Q

The oxygenated blood from the mother flows from the placenta into the fetus through the __________.

A

Umbilical vein

41
Q

The rate of alternating stretching and recoiling of the elastic fibers in an artery as blood passes through it with each heartbeat

A

Pulse

42
Q

How is blood pressure measured

A

The amount of pressure flowing blood exerts on arterial walls

43
Q

The highest number when taking blood pressure, it is produced by ejection of blood from the left ventricle into systematic circulation by way of the aorta.

A

Systolic blood pressure

44
Q

The lowest number when taking blood pressure. It measures the pressure remaining in the artery during left ventricular diastole when the ventricle is relaxing and refilling with blood.

A

Diastolic pressure

45
Q

A method of measuring blood pressure using a cuff placed over the area of an artery and inflated until blood flow either stops or nearly stops.

A

Oscillometric method

46
Q

A method to determine blood pressure using an ultrasound instrument that measures arterial blood flow as air is released from an inflated cuff attached to a meter.

A

Doppler ultrasound

47
Q

Thoracic radiography is used to evaluate

A

The size and position of the heart

48
Q

Electrocardiography is used to evaluate

A

The electrical activity of the heart

49
Q

Echocardiography is used to evaluate

A

The size, shape and movement of heart structures

50
Q

The measurement of blood pressure is used to evaluate

A

Cardiac output

51
Q

ECG =

A

Electrocardiogram

52
Q

The amount of blood the ventricle receives from the atrium

A

Preload

53
Q

The physical resistance presented by the artery the ventricle is ejecting blood into:

A

After load

54
Q

What is the normal systolic pressure in dogs

A

130-160

55
Q

What is the normal systolic pressure in cats

A

120-160

56
Q

Hypertension ?

A

High blood pressure

57
Q

Hypotension?

A

Low blood pressure

58
Q

Isotensive?

A

Regular blood pressure

Vet Tech A & P (15 decks)

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