Divestive System Flashcards
What type of cells like the inside of the GI tract
Epithelial simple columnar
When referring to the stomach the word ____ is used
Gastric
When referring to the intestines the word ____ is used
Enteric
The GI tract consist of what 4 layers.
The lumen, mucosa, submucosa, and serosa
The innermost layer of the GI tract
Mucosa
Ruminants and other herbivores use _________ ______ to break down plant material into usable nutrients and energy
Microbial fermentation
How is an omnivore’s digestive tract different from others ?
They have a small cecum that places a insignificant role in breaking down food
How are carnivore’s digestive tracts different from others?
They do not use the aid of microbial fermentation
What animal is considered a non ruminant
Horse
What a animal(s) are considered carnivores
Cats
What animal(s) are considered omnivores
Humans, pigs, dogs
What animal(s) are considered ruminants
Cattle and goats
The epithelial tissues near the mouth and anus consist of layers of
Stratified squamous epithelium
The second layer of the mucosa that is made of of loose areolar connective tissue and contains blood, lymph vessel, and gland is called
Lamina propria
What is the The third layer of the mucosa that contains a thin layer of smooth muscle.
Muscularis mucosae
Hind-gut fermenters are
Horses
Dogs and cats have what kind of teeth
Brachyodont teeth
Horses and rabbits have what kind of teeth
Hyspodontic teeth
What endocrine hormone stimulates stomach mobility
Gastrin
What endocrine hormone inhibits the stomach
Cholecystokinin
What are the two nerve plexuses that make up the intrinsic enteric nervous system
Submucosal plexus and the myenteric plexus
The process of bring food into the oral cavity
Prehension
The cleft that divides the two halves of the upper lip
Philtrum
Teeth are held in place by the
Periodontal ligament
When referring to something towards the crown of the tooth it is called
Coronal
When referring to something towards the root it is called
Apical
Teeth used to cut and nibble on food
Incisors
Teeth used to tear flesh and hold prey
Canines
Teeth that act as shears, cutting, grinding, and tearing meat
Premolars
Teeth that assist in grinding and shearing
Molars
What numeric system is used to assign a specific number to each tooth in the mouth
The triadan system
What is the dental formula for an adult dog
2[ I 3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M 2/3]
What is the function of salivary glands
To deposit saliva into the oral cavity via ducts
The temporomandibular joint is what kind of joint
Synovial
Lysozyme, an enzyme found in saliva helps control what
Bacterial population in the oral cavity
Can be found in saliva, a starch digesting enzyme
Amylase
Ruminant salvia has a high PH that is
Alkaline
What are some functions of saliva
Lubrication, antibacterial action, PH regulation, thermoregulation, and enzymatic digestion.
The majority of the tongue is made up of what type of tissue
Muscle
Besides water what are the three substances found in saliva
Proteins, enzymes, and electrolytes
A pattern of muscle contraction that propels food through the GI tract
Peristalsis
Food that leaves the stomach in a semiliquid form is called
Chyme
What are the functions of the stomach
Storage of ingested food, mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, production of intrinsic factor for vitamin B12 absorption in the small intestine
What proteolytic enzyme in the stomach begins protein digestion
Pepsin
Which gastric gland produces HCL and the intrinsic factor for the absorption of B12
Parietal cells
Gastric glands that close to the openings of the ducts
Mucous neck cells
A gastric gland that secretes Pepsinogen
Chief cell
Food in the stomach stimulates
Acetylcholine
What part of the monogastric stomach increases in size to accommodate a large meal
Fundus
Repeating units of monosaccharides make up
Starches
What are the four chambers of a ruminant stomach
Reticulum, rumen, omasum, and abomasum
What part of the stomach in a ruminant is considered the true stomach
Abomasum
In a young ruminant what enzyme is produced that causes milk coagulation
Rennin
The process of chewing cud is called
Rumination
What is the importance of the esophageal groove
It link the esophagus and the omasum and in young animals it essentially acts as a tube for milk to travel directly to the omasum and abomasum
What is glucogenesis and where in the ruminant does it mostly take place
The production of glucose by the liver from non carbohydrate sources
The process of how ruminants belch, responsible for the release of gases such ad carbon dioxide and methane during fermentation
Eructation
Which chamber is known as many plies because of the of its many leaf like folds of mucosa
Omasum
What are the three parts of the small intestine
Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
Ruminate microbes process _____, ______, and ______.
Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
Lymphatic capillaries of the small intestine =
Lacteals
The microvilli form _____ ______ that provides majority of the surface area of the small intestine
Brush border
What is embedded in the brush border of the small intestine and what is it responsible for ?
Enzymes that are responsible for membranous digestion of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleotides
What is the function of cholecystokinin (high amino and fatty acid concentration) in the small intestine
Inhibits gastric emptying, protects, increased secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes and bicarbonate.
What is the function of secretin in the small intestine ?
Decreases HCL production in the stomach and increases pancreatic and biliary bicarbonate secretions
Where is the liver located
Near the stomach, immediately caudal to the diaphragm
Which layer of the digestive tract consists of epithelium and loose connective tissue
Mucosa
What part do the pancreas is responsible for producing and dumping digestive enzymes into to digestive tract
Exocrine
True or false
One of the livers functions is the production of cholesterol
True
The digestive compartment of ruminates is a series of muscular sacs separated from each other by long, muscular folds of wall called Pilars. What part of the stomach am I ?
Rumen
