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Vet Tech A & P > Divestive System > Flashcards

Divestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What type of cells like the inside of the GI tract

A

Epithelial simple columnar

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2
Q

When referring to the stomach the word ____ is used

A

Gastric

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3
Q

When referring to the intestines the word ____ is used

A

Enteric

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4
Q

The GI tract consist of what 4 layers.

A

The lumen, mucosa, submucosa, and serosa

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5
Q

The innermost layer of the GI tract

A

Mucosa

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6
Q

Ruminants and other herbivores use _________ ______ to break down plant material into usable nutrients and energy

A

Microbial fermentation

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7
Q

How is an omnivore’s digestive tract different from others ?

A

They have a small cecum that places a insignificant role in breaking down food

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8
Q

How are carnivore’s digestive tracts different from others?

A

They do not use the aid of microbial fermentation

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9
Q

What animal is considered a non ruminant

A

Horse

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10
Q

What a animal(s) are considered carnivores

A

Cats

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11
Q

What animal(s) are considered omnivores

A

Humans, pigs, dogs

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12
Q

What animal(s) are considered ruminants

A

Cattle and goats

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13
Q

The epithelial tissues near the mouth and anus consist of layers of

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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14
Q

The second layer of the mucosa that is made of of loose areolar connective tissue and contains blood, lymph vessel, and gland is called

A

Lamina propria

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15
Q

What is the The third layer of the mucosa that contains a thin layer of smooth muscle.

A

Muscularis mucosae

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16
Q

Hind-gut fermenters are

A

Horses

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17
Q

Dogs and cats have what kind of teeth

A

Brachyodont teeth

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18
Q

Horses and rabbits have what kind of teeth

A

Hyspodontic teeth

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19
Q

What endocrine hormone stimulates stomach mobility

A

Gastrin

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20
Q

What endocrine hormone inhibits the stomach

A

Cholecystokinin

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21
Q

What are the two nerve plexuses that make up the intrinsic enteric nervous system

A

Submucosal plexus and the myenteric plexus

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22
Q

The process of bring food into the oral cavity

A

Prehension

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23
Q

The cleft that divides the two halves of the upper lip

A

Philtrum

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24
Q

Teeth are held in place by the

A

Periodontal ligament

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25
Q

When referring to something towards the crown of the tooth it is called

A

Coronal

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26
Q

When referring to something towards the root it is called

A

Apical

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27
Q

Teeth used to cut and nibble on food

A

Incisors

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28
Q

Teeth used to tear flesh and hold prey

A

Canines

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29
Q

Teeth that act as shears, cutting, grinding, and tearing meat

A

Premolars

30
Q

Teeth that assist in grinding and shearing

A

Molars

31
Q

What numeric system is used to assign a specific number to each tooth in the mouth

A

The triadan system

32
Q

What is the dental formula for an adult dog

A

2[ I 3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M 2/3]

33
Q

What is the function of salivary glands

A

To deposit saliva into the oral cavity via ducts

34
Q

The temporomandibular joint is what kind of joint

A

Synovial

35
Q

Lysozyme, an enzyme found in saliva helps control what

A

Bacterial population in the oral cavity

36
Q

Can be found in saliva, a starch digesting enzyme

A

Amylase

37
Q

Ruminant salvia has a high PH that is

A

Alkaline

38
Q

What are some functions of saliva

A

Lubrication, antibacterial action, PH regulation, thermoregulation, and enzymatic digestion.

39
Q

The majority of the tongue is made up of what type of tissue

A

Muscle

40
Q

Besides water what are the three substances found in saliva

A

Proteins, enzymes, and electrolytes

41
Q

A pattern of muscle contraction that propels food through the GI tract

A

Peristalsis

42
Q

Food that leaves the stomach in a semiliquid form is called

A

Chyme

43
Q

What are the functions of the stomach

A

Storage of ingested food, mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, production of intrinsic factor for vitamin B12 absorption in the small intestine

44
Q

What proteolytic enzyme in the stomach begins protein digestion

A

Pepsin

45
Q

Which gastric gland produces HCL and the intrinsic factor for the absorption of B12

A

Parietal cells

46
Q

Gastric glands that close to the openings of the ducts

A

Mucous neck cells

47
Q

A gastric gland that secretes Pepsinogen

A

Chief cell

48
Q

Food in the stomach stimulates

A

Acetylcholine

49
Q

What part of the monogastric stomach increases in size to accommodate a large meal

A

Fundus

50
Q

Repeating units of monosaccharides make up

A

Starches

51
Q

What are the four chambers of a ruminant stomach

A

Reticulum, rumen, omasum, and abomasum

52
Q

What part of the stomach in a ruminant is considered the true stomach

A

Abomasum

53
Q

In a young ruminant what enzyme is produced that causes milk coagulation

A

Rennin

54
Q

The process of chewing cud is called

A

Rumination

55
Q

What is the importance of the esophageal groove

A

It link the esophagus and the omasum and in young animals it essentially acts as a tube for milk to travel directly to the omasum and abomasum

56
Q

What is glucogenesis and where in the ruminant does it mostly take place

A

The production of glucose by the liver from non carbohydrate sources

57
Q

The process of how ruminants belch, responsible for the release of gases such ad carbon dioxide and methane during fermentation

A

Eructation

58
Q

Which chamber is known as many plies because of the of its many leaf like folds of mucosa

A

Omasum

59
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine

A

Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

60
Q

Ruminate microbes process _____, ______, and ______.

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

61
Q

Lymphatic capillaries of the small intestine =

A

Lacteals

62
Q

The microvilli form _____ ______ that provides majority of the surface area of the small intestine

A

Brush border

63
Q

What is embedded in the brush border of the small intestine and what is it responsible for ?

A

Enzymes that are responsible for membranous digestion of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleotides

64
Q

What is the function of cholecystokinin (high amino and fatty acid concentration) in the small intestine

A

Inhibits gastric emptying, protects, increased secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes and bicarbonate.

65
Q

What is the function of secretin in the small intestine ?

A

Decreases HCL production in the stomach and increases pancreatic and biliary bicarbonate secretions

66
Q

Where is the liver located

A

Near the stomach, immediately caudal to the diaphragm

67
Q

Which layer of the digestive tract consists of epithelium and loose connective tissue

A

Mucosa

68
Q

What part do the pancreas is responsible for producing and dumping digestive enzymes into to digestive tract

A

Exocrine

69
Q

True or false
One of the livers functions is the production of cholesterol

A

True

70
Q

The digestive compartment of ruminates is a series of muscular sacs separated from each other by long, muscular folds of wall called Pilars. What part of the stomach am I ?

A

Rumen

Vet Tech A & P (15 decks)

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