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Vet Tech A & P > Basic Bone Structure > Flashcards

Basic Bone Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What are osteoblasts

A

Cells that produce bone

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2
Q

What are Osteocytes

A

Bone cells

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3
Q

What are osteoclasts

A

Cells that eat bone away where it is not needed

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4
Q

What is ossification

A

When osteoblasts harden the matrix, which create bone.

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5
Q

What are 4 functions of bones

A

Support
Protection
Leverage
Storage

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6
Q

Blood cell formation in the bone marrow

A

Hematopoiesis

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7
Q

Sometimes called spongy bone. Consists of tiny spicules of bone that appear randomly arranged with lots of spaces between them which are filled with bone marrow.

A

Cencellous bone

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8
Q

Very dense and strong bone. It makes up shafts of long bones and the outside layer of all bones. It is composed of tiny, tightly compacted cylinders of bone( Haversian systems).

A

Compact bone

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9
Q

Canals that run lengthwise of the bone and contain blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves that supply osteocytes.

A

Haversian canal

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10
Q

Nutrient foramina

A

Large blood vessels that primarily carry blood into and out of the bone marrow

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11
Q

Tiny channels in the bone matrix that come in at right angles to the long axis of the bone and to Haversian canals

A

Volkmann’s canals

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12
Q

A method that forms bones by first creating cartilage that is basically a prototype of the bone that will eventually take place.

A

Endochondral bone formation

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13
Q

Where is the diaphysis of a bone

A

The middle

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14
Q

When the bone begins to develop in the shaft or diaphysis of the cartilage

A

Primary growth center

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15
Q

When a bone developes from the ends or the epiphyses of the cartilage or bone

A

Secondary growth center

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16
Q

Where are the epiphyses of the bone

A

The ends

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17
Q

Sites where the creation of new bones along the long bones to lengthen as the animal grows

A

Epiphyseal plates or growth plates

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18
Q

True or false
Epiphyseal plates or growth plates completely ossify when an animal has finished growing

A

True

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19
Q

Occurs in only certain skull bones. A process that creates the flat bones of the cranium, which surround the brain.

A

Intramembranous bone formation

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20
Q

What are the 4 basic shapes of bones

A

Long, short, flat, irregular

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21
Q

What is red bone marrow and what does it do

A

Hematopoietic tissue ( blood forming tissue)
Forms blood cells

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22
Q

What does yellow bone marrow consist of

A

Consists of mostly adipose and connective tissue (fat)

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23
Q

True or false
Yellow bone marrow can NOT revert back to red bone marrow

A

False

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24
Q

What is the difference between a Haversian canal and a volksmanns canal ?

A

Haversian canals run parallel to the bone and are long/straight
Volksmann’s canals run perpendicular to Haversian canals at different angles

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25
Q

Joint surfaces

A

Articular surface

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26
Q

Usually a large round articular surface. Typically located at the distal end of a humerus and femur

A

Condyle articular surface

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27
Q

An articular surface that is somewhat spherical on a proximal end of a long bone

A

Head articular surface

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28
Q

A flat articular surface that allow joint movement between each other. Typically found among vertebrae and long bones such as the radius and ulna

A

Facet articular surface

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29
Q

A hole in a bone

A

Foramen or plural foramina

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30
Q

A depressed or sunken area on the surface of a bone, usually because they are occupied by muscles or tendons.

A

Fossa or plural, fassae

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31
Q

How many bones form the cranium

A

11

32
Q

Bones of the ear =

A

Ossicles

33
Q

Spine =

A

Vertebrae

34
Q

The area of the spine located on the neck

A

Cervical vertebrae

35
Q

The area of the spine located by the ribs

A

Thoracic vertebrae

36
Q

The area of the spine located after the ribs and before the pelvis

A

Lumbar vertebrae

37
Q

The area of the spine just above the pelvis and sacrum

A

Sacral vertebrae

38
Q

The area of the spine, bones of the tail

A

Coccygeal vertebrae

39
Q

The caudal most pelvic bone

A

Ischium

40
Q

The cranial most bone of the pelvis

A

Ilium

41
Q

The smallest of the three pelvic bones. Is located medially

A

Pubis

42
Q

Antebrachium =

A

Forearm

43
Q

In horses the carpus is referred to as the

A

Knee

44
Q

Consists of bones that form in soft organs or viscera

A

Visceral skeleton

45
Q

The bone in the heart of cattle and sheep and helps supports the valves of the heart

A

Os cordis

46
Q

The anatomical term for fibrous joints is

A

Synarthroses

47
Q

The anatomical term for Cartilaginous joints is

A

Amphiarthroses

48
Q

Cartilaginous joints are capable of what movement

A

Only slight rocking movement

49
Q

Fibrous joints are capable of what movement

A

None

50
Q

The anatomical term for synovial joints is

A

Diarthroses

51
Q

Synovial joints are capable of what movement

A

They are freely moveable

52
Q

A fluid filled joint cavity

A

Joint capsule

53
Q

Junctions between bones

A

Joints

54
Q

Made up of bones of the main appendages of an animals body that is the limbs

A

Appendicular skeleton

55
Q

Bones of the skeleton that can be divided into two main groups: the bones of the head/truck. Located along the central axis of the body

A

Axial skeleton

56
Q

Bones that resemble Sesame seeds

A

Sesamoid bones

57
Q

The outer walls of the diaphysis of the bone

A

Bone cortex

58
Q

Location where the brain and spinal cord connect

A

Medulla

59
Q

Movement away from the medial plane

A

Abduction

60
Q

The movement of an extremity towards the median plane

A

Adduction

61
Q

The movement of an extremity so that the distal end moves in a circle

A

Circumduction

62
Q

Hinge joint =

A

Ginglymus joint

63
Q

True or false the only movements possible for a hinge joint are flexion and extension

A

True

64
Q

Gliding joint =

A

Arthrodial joint (rocking joint)

65
Q

True or false
Gliding joints are NOT relatively flat

A

False

66
Q

Gliding joint allow what movement

A

Flexion and extension but in some cases can allow some abduction and adduction

67
Q

Pivot joint =

A

Trochoid joint

68
Q

Also referred to as the no joint

A

Pivot joint

69
Q

Pivot joints allow what movement

A

Rotation

70
Q

Ball and socket joint =

A

Spheroidal jojnt

71
Q

True or false
Ball and socket joints allow: flexion extension abduction adduction rotation and curcumduction

A

True

72
Q

A horses splint bone is considered what digits ?

A

2 and 4

73
Q

Cattle use which digits

A

3 and 4

74
Q

Which hormone regulates and prevent hypercalcemia

A

Parathyroid hormone

75
Q

Which joint or joints contain hyaline cartilage?

A

Synovial

76
Q

Which joint is the Atlantoaxial joint

A

Gliding

Vet Tech A & P (15 decks)

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