Endocrine, Metabolic, Hereditary, Nutritional, and Environmental Skin Diseases

Question 1

what is alopecia like with endocrinopathies?

Answer 1

non-inflammatory
truncal

Question 2

what happens in canine and feline hyperadrenocorticism?

Answer 2

chronic excessive secretion of glucocorticoids

Question 3

what does the pars distalis secrete?

Answer 3

ACTH
beta-lipoprotein

Question 4

why should pyoderma and adult-onset generalized demodicosis be ruled out with hyperadrenocorticism?

Answer 4

skin immunosuppression

Question 5

how do glucocorticoids cause skin fragility syndrome in cats?

Answer 5

inhibit collagen I and III transcription

Question 6

who is affected by hyperestrogenism?

Answer 6

mostly dogs
both sexes
english bulldogs overrepresented

Question 7

what can cause hyperestrogenism in an intact male?

Answer 7

functional testicular tumor

Question 8

what do estrogens induce that can be seen on preputial/vaginal cytology?

Answer 8

superficial cells

Question 9

what is the age of onset for alopecia X?

Answer 9

9 months-2 years

Question 10

what do dogs with hepatocutaneous syndrome have?

Answer 10

skin lesions
hepatopathy
hypoaminoacidemia
aminoaciduria

Question 11

what do hypoaminoacidemia, hyperglucemia, aminoaciduria lead to?

Answer 11

death keratinocytes
vacuolar hepatopathy

Question 12

what is ehlers-danlos?

Answer 12

heterogenous group of heritable phenotypically overlapping diseases that affect collagenogenesis (connective tissue)

Question 13

how do endocrinopathies affect the hair cycle?

Answer 13

anagen onset is impaired
anagen is shortened

Question 14

what is the hallmark of endocrinopathies?

Answer 14

alopecia: non-inflammatory, truncal

Question 15

is there a breed predilection for hyperadrenocorticism?

Answer 15

no

Question 16

what is feline and canine hyperadrenocorticism?

Answer 16

chronic excessive secretion of glucocorticoids

Question 17

what are animals with endocrinopathies predisposed to?

Answer 17

pyoderma
demodicosis
due to skin immunosuppression

Question 18

after __________ topical glucocorticoids can induce skin atrophy (decreased thickness)

Answer 18

14 days

Question 19

do any histologic features consistently differentiate the endocrinopathic diseases?

Answer 19

no

Question 20

what do glucocorticoids inhibit that leads to skin fragility syndrome in cats?

Answer 20

collagen I and III transcription

Question 21

what does canine hypothyroidism result from?

Answer 21

decreased productin of thyroxine/T4 and tri-iodo-thyronine/T3

Question 22

is there a familial and breed predisposition to canine hypothyroidism?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

what dermatologic findings are in canine hypothyroidism?

Answer 23

alopecia
dry/poor coat quality
skin hyperpigmentation
seborrheea
predisposition to pyoderma
myxedema: “tragic facial expression”

Question 24

what can cause feline hypothyroidism?

Answer 24

iatrogenic after treatment for hyperthyroidism
congenital
acquired
very rare

Question 25

what causes hyperestrogenism in an intact female?

Answer 25

polycystic ovaries- English bulldogs functional ovarian tumor

Question 26

what is anti-mullerian hormone?

Answer 26

very sensitive and specific for sertoli cell tumor hyperestrogenism

Question 27

who is predisposed to alopecia X?

Answer 27

plush dogs pomeranians nordic breeds chow chow keeshond miniature poodle males>females

Question 28

why is alopecia seen with alopecia X?

Answer 28

anagen onset impaired, do not know why

Question 29

what would support alopecia X on a skin biopsy?

Answer 29

few anagen bulbs increased telogen (significant compared to other hair cycle arrest diseases) increased kenogen with follicular atrophy and excessive trichilemmal keratinization (flame follicles)

Question 30

what can you use to treat alopecia X?

Answer 30

cosmetic melatonin castration deslorelin

Question 31

what is SND/skin lesions an umbrella term for?

Answer 31

endocrine neoplasia- necrolytic migratory erythema liver disease- hepatocutaneous syndrome

Question 32

what liver changes are seen in hepatocutaneous syndrome?

Answer 32

foci of regenerative nodular hyperplasia separated by areas of parenchymal collapse containing heavily vacuolated hepatocytes

Question 33

how common is hyperkeratosis of footpads in hepatocutaneous syndrome?

Answer 33

96%

Question 34

what indicates a diagnosis of hepatocutaneous syndrome?

Answer 34

compatible or suspicious clinical signs hypoaminoacidemia and aminoaciduria liver changes in ultrasound: honeycomb or swiss cheese

Question 35

what amino acid biomarkers for hepatocutaneous syndrome are present in plasma?

Answer 35

1-methylhistidine cystathionine

Question 36

what is ehlers/danlos genetic diseases?

Answer 36

heterogenous group of heritable phenotypically overlapping diseases that affect collagenogenesis- connective tissue abnormal collagen I, III, or V

Question 37

what can you use to increase the likelihood of a diagnosis of ehlers/danlos?

Answer 37

skin extensibility index (stretch of skin) skeletal deformities skin tears

Question 38

what is dystrophy?

Answer 38

follicular reconstitution is impaired due to an acquired deregulation of signaling events

Question 39

what is in the neuroectoderm?

Answer 39

melanocytes and neural tissues

Question 40

what is dysplasia?

Answer 40

follicular development during organogenesis is impaired due to inherited defect

Question 41

which cats are predisposed to follicular dysplasia?

Answer 41

cornish rex

Question 42

how can you treat follicular dysplasia?

Answer 42

cosmetic no treatment look for secondary avoid harsh grooming avoid sun

Question 43

what clinical syndromes related to zinc are described in dogs?

Answer 43

inherited impairment in absorption/metabolism Zn primarily in nordic breeds rapidly growing or young adult dogs that are fed Zn-deficient or high phytates, calcium, copper, iron

Question 44

what is the most relevant feature on histopathology with a zinc related condition?

Answer 44

marked, diffuse parakeratosis: parakeratotic hyperkeratosis parakeratosis: increased thickening of stratum corneum with retained nuclei

Question 45

what is phototoxicity?

Answer 45

dose-related response to light exposure

Question 46

what is photoallergy?

Answer 46

skin has increased sensitivity to UV because of a photodynamic agent mostly farm animals