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Clinical Dermatology > Endocrine, Metabolic, Hereditary, Nutritional, and Environmental Skin Diseases > Flashcards

Endocrine, Metabolic, Hereditary, Nutritional, and Environmental Skin Diseases Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what is alopecia like with endocrinopathies?

A

non-inflammatory
truncal

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2
Q

what happens in canine and feline hyperadrenocorticism?

A

chronic excessive secretion of glucocorticoids

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3
Q

what does the pars distalis secrete?

A

ACTH
beta-lipoprotein

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4
Q

why should pyoderma and adult-onset generalized demodicosis be ruled out with hyperadrenocorticism?

A

skin immunosuppression

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5
Q

how do glucocorticoids cause skin fragility syndrome in cats?

A

inhibit collagen I and III transcription

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6
Q

who is affected by hyperestrogenism?

A

mostly dogs
both sexes
english bulldogs overrepresented

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7
Q

what can cause hyperestrogenism in an intact male?

A

functional testicular tumor

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8
Q

what do estrogens induce that can be seen on preputial/vaginal cytology?

A

superficial cells

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9
Q

what is the age of onset for alopecia X?

A

9 months-2 years

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10
Q

what do dogs with hepatocutaneous syndrome have?

A

skin lesions
hepatopathy
hypoaminoacidemia
aminoaciduria

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11
Q

what do hypoaminoacidemia, hyperglucemia, aminoaciduria lead to?

A

death keratinocytes
vacuolar hepatopathy

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12
Q

what is ehlers-danlos?

A

heterogenous group of heritable phenotypically overlapping diseases that affect collagenogenesis (connective tissue)

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13
Q

how do endocrinopathies affect the hair cycle?

A

anagen onset is impaired
anagen is shortened

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14
Q

what is the hallmark of endocrinopathies?

A

alopecia: non-inflammatory, truncal

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15
Q

is there a breed predilection for hyperadrenocorticism?

A

no

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16
Q

what is feline and canine hyperadrenocorticism?

A

chronic excessive secretion of glucocorticoids

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17
Q

what are animals with endocrinopathies predisposed to?

A

pyoderma
demodicosis
due to skin immunosuppression

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18
Q

after __________ topical glucocorticoids can induce skin atrophy (decreased thickness)

A

14 days

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19
Q

do any histologic features consistently differentiate the endocrinopathic diseases?

A

no

20
Q

what do glucocorticoids inhibit that leads to skin fragility syndrome in cats?

A

collagen I and III transcription

21
Q

what does canine hypothyroidism result from?

A

decreased productin of thyroxine/T4 and tri-iodo-thyronine/T3

22
Q

is there a familial and breed predisposition to canine hypothyroidism?

A

yes

23
Q

what dermatologic findings are in canine hypothyroidism?

A

alopecia
dry/poor coat quality
skin hyperpigmentation
seborrheea
predisposition to pyoderma
myxedema: “tragic facial expression”

24
Q

what can cause feline hypothyroidism?

A

iatrogenic after treatment for hyperthyroidism
congenital
acquired
very rare

25
Q

what causes hyperestrogenism in an intact female?

A

polycystic ovaries- English bulldogs
functional ovarian tumor

26
Q

what is anti-mullerian hormone?

A

very sensitive and specific for sertoli cell tumor
hyperestrogenism

27
Q

who is predisposed to alopecia X?

A

plush dogs
pomeranians
nordic breeds
chow chow
keeshond
miniature poodle
males>females

28
Q

why is alopecia seen with alopecia X?

A

anagen onset impaired, do not know why

29
Q

what would support alopecia X on a skin biopsy?

A

few anagen bulbs
increased telogen (significant compared to other hair cycle arrest diseases)
increased kenogen with follicular atrophy and excessive trichilemmal keratinization (flame follicles)

30
Q

what can you use to treat alopecia X?

A

cosmetic
melatonin
castration
deslorelin

31
Q

what is SND/skin lesions an umbrella term for?

A

endocrine neoplasia- necrolytic migratory erythema
liver disease- hepatocutaneous syndrome

32
Q

what liver changes are seen in hepatocutaneous syndrome?

A

foci of regenerative nodular hyperplasia separated by areas of parenchymal collapse containing heavily vacuolated hepatocytes

33
Q

how common is hyperkeratosis of footpads in hepatocutaneous syndrome?

A

96%

34
Q

what indicates a diagnosis of hepatocutaneous syndrome?

A

compatible or suspicious clinical signs
hypoaminoacidemia and aminoaciduria
liver changes in ultrasound: honeycomb or swiss cheese

35
Q

what amino acid biomarkers for hepatocutaneous syndrome are present in plasma?

A

1-methylhistidine
cystathionine

36
Q

what is ehlers/danlos genetic diseases?

A

heterogenous group of heritable phenotypically overlapping diseases that affect collagenogenesis- connective tissue
abnormal collagen I, III, or V

37
Q

what can you use to increase the likelihood of a diagnosis of ehlers/danlos?

A

skin extensibility index (stretch of skin)
skeletal deformities
skin tears

38
Q

what is dystrophy?

A

follicular reconstitution is impaired due to an acquired deregulation of signaling events

39
Q

what is in the neuroectoderm?

A

melanocytes and neural tissues

40
Q

what is dysplasia?

A

follicular development during organogenesis is impaired due to inherited defect

41
Q

which cats are predisposed to follicular dysplasia?

A

cornish rex

42
Q

how can you treat follicular dysplasia?

A

cosmetic
no treatment
look for secondary
avoid harsh grooming
avoid sun

43
Q

what clinical syndromes related to zinc are described in dogs?

A

inherited impairment in absorption/metabolism Zn primarily in nordic breeds
rapidly growing or young adult dogs that are fed Zn-deficient or high phytates, calcium, copper, iron

44
Q

what is the most relevant feature on histopathology with a zinc related condition?

A

marked, diffuse parakeratosis: parakeratotic hyperkeratosis
parakeratosis: increased thickening of stratum corneum with retained nuclei

45
Q

what is phototoxicity?

A

dose-related response to light exposure

46
Q

what is photoallergy?

A

skin has increased sensitivity to UV because of a photodynamic agent
mostly farm animals

Clinical Dermatology (16 decks)

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