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Clinical Dermatology > Clinical Approach to Skin Nodules and Tumors > Flashcards

Clinical Approach to Skin Nodules and Tumors Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what is tumor?

A

general term for any mass, benign or malignant

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2
Q

what are the most common inflammatory infiltrates?

A

pyogranulomatous
granulomatous

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3
Q

what are the epidermal neoplasias?

A

squamous cell carcinoma
papilloma

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4
Q

what can FNA cytology be useful for?

A

neoplastic vs non-neoplastic growth
type of neoplasia/inflammation
benign vs malignant neoplasia
occasionally, type of neoplasia

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5
Q

what information does histopathology provide?

A

neoplastic or non-neoplastic growth
type of neoplasia
benign or malignant
grade of malignancy
surgical borders: clean or dirty

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6
Q

what are the common mesenchymal skin neoplasms?

A

lipoma
fibroma
dermatofibroma
fibrosarcoma/osteosarcoma/liposarcoma/spindle cell sarcoma
mast cell tumor

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7
Q

where is sebaceous gland hyperplasia usually seen?

A

head (eyelids)
trunk

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8
Q

who is at increased risk of sublingual/digital squamous cell carcinoma?

A

large breeds with black coat

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9
Q

who is predisposed to subcutaneous lipoma?

A

old dogs
obese female dogs

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10
Q

who usually gets fibrosarcoma?

A

old dogs/cats
some are injection-site in young cats

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11
Q

what is the treatment of choice for feline injection-site sarcoma?

A

surgery

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12
Q

which dogs are predisposed to mast cell tumors?

A

8 year olds
boxers
boston terriers
bulldogs

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13
Q

what is the distribution of mast cell tumors?

A

trunk 50%
limbs 40%
head 10%

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14
Q

what is darier’s sign?

A

erythema and wheal formation after manipulation
mast cell tumors
results from release of vasoactive amines

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15
Q

who commonly gets cutaneous plasmacytoma?

A

dogs
rare in cats

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16
Q

what is cutaneous reactive histiocytosis?

A

reactive proliferation of dermal dendritic cells
unknown etiology of suspected immunoregulatory deficit

17
Q

when do skin lesions develop in paraneoplastic syndrome?

A

after development of malignant tumor

18
Q

what is pyogranulomatous inflammation?

A

macrophages and neutrophils

19
Q

what is immunohistochemistry used for?

A

leishmania

20
Q

how can you treat a sterile inflammatory nodule?

A

glucocorticoids
calcineurin inhibitors: cyclosporine, tacrolimus
azathioprine
tetracyclines and niacinamide
mycophenolate mofetil
chlorambucil
JAK inhibitors: oclacitinib

21
Q

when is the highest chance to cure a skin neoplastic disorder?

A

in first treatment attempt

22
Q

what are some epidermal-dermal neoplasias?

A

melanoma
histiocytoma

23
Q

what are some dermal neoplasias?

A

mast cell tumor
dermatofibroma

24
Q

what diagnostic tests can be done on a nodule?

A

cytology- FNA
histopathologic examination
phenotyping, cell lineage
ancillary diagnostic tests

25
Q

what are the types of cutaneous neoplasia in FNA cytology?

A

epithelial neoplasia: large cells in clusters
mesenchymal neoplasia: isolated spindle cells
round cell neoplasia

26
Q

when is histopathology usually done?

A

after surgical excision of tumor or nodule

27
Q

what are the most common epithelial neoplasms?

A

squamous cell carcinoma
melanoma/melanocytoma
sebaceous gland tumors

28
Q

what are the most common mesenchymal skin neoplasms?

A

lipoma
fibrosarcoma/osteosarcoma/liposarcoma/spindle cell sarcoma
mast cell tumor

29
Q

what type of neoplasia is feline-injection site sarcoma?

A

fibrosarcoma
can also be other soft tissue sarcomas

30
Q

what does cutaneous plasmacytoma look like?

A

solitary lesionss: well-circumscribed, raised, smooth, dermal
haired skin, mucocutaneous junctions

31
Q

which histiocytic diseases arise from macrophages?

A

hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma
dogs and cats

32
Q

how can you treat cutaneous reactive histiocytosis?

A

cyclosporine

Clinical Dermatology (16 decks)

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