Clinical Approach to Skin Nodules and Tumors Flashcards
what is tumor?
general term for any mass, benign or malignant
what are the most common inflammatory infiltrates?
pyogranulomatous
granulomatous
what are the epidermal neoplasias?
squamous cell carcinoma
papilloma
what can FNA cytology be useful for?
neoplastic vs non-neoplastic growth
type of neoplasia/inflammation
benign vs malignant neoplasia
occasionally, type of neoplasia
what information does histopathology provide?
neoplastic or non-neoplastic growth
type of neoplasia
benign or malignant
grade of malignancy
surgical borders: clean or dirty
what are the common mesenchymal skin neoplasms?
lipoma
fibroma
dermatofibroma
fibrosarcoma/osteosarcoma/liposarcoma/spindle cell sarcoma
mast cell tumor
where is sebaceous gland hyperplasia usually seen?
head (eyelids)
trunk
who is at increased risk of sublingual/digital squamous cell carcinoma?
large breeds with black coat
who is predisposed to subcutaneous lipoma?
old dogs
obese female dogs
who usually gets fibrosarcoma?
old dogs/cats
some are injection-site in young cats
what is the treatment of choice for feline injection-site sarcoma?
surgery
which dogs are predisposed to mast cell tumors?
8 year olds
boxers
boston terriers
bulldogs
what is the distribution of mast cell tumors?
trunk 50%
limbs 40%
head 10%
what is darier’s sign?
erythema and wheal formation after manipulation
mast cell tumors
results from release of vasoactive amines
who commonly gets cutaneous plasmacytoma?
dogs
rare in cats
what is cutaneous reactive histiocytosis?
reactive proliferation of dermal dendritic cells
unknown etiology of suspected immunoregulatory deficit
when do skin lesions develop in paraneoplastic syndrome?
after development of malignant tumor
what is pyogranulomatous inflammation?
macrophages and neutrophils
what is immunohistochemistry used for?
leishmania
how can you treat a sterile inflammatory nodule?
glucocorticoids
calcineurin inhibitors: cyclosporine, tacrolimus
azathioprine
tetracyclines and niacinamide
mycophenolate mofetil
chlorambucil
JAK inhibitors: oclacitinib
when is the highest chance to cure a skin neoplastic disorder?
in first treatment attempt
what are some epidermal-dermal neoplasias?
melanoma
histiocytoma
what are some dermal neoplasias?
mast cell tumor
dermatofibroma
what diagnostic tests can be done on a nodule?
cytology- FNA
histopathologic examination
phenotyping, cell lineage
ancillary diagnostic tests
what are the types of cutaneous neoplasia in FNA cytology?
epithelial neoplasia: large cells in clusters
mesenchymal neoplasia: isolated spindle cells
round cell neoplasia
when is histopathology usually done?
after surgical excision of tumor or nodule
what are the most common epithelial neoplasms?
squamous cell carcinoma
melanoma/melanocytoma
sebaceous gland tumors
what are the most common mesenchymal skin neoplasms?
lipoma
fibrosarcoma/osteosarcoma/liposarcoma/spindle cell sarcoma
mast cell tumor
what type of neoplasia is feline-injection site sarcoma?
fibrosarcoma
can also be other soft tissue sarcomas
what does cutaneous plasmacytoma look like?
solitary lesionss: well-circumscribed, raised, smooth, dermal
haired skin, mucocutaneous junctions
which histiocytic diseases arise from macrophages?
hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma
dogs and cats
how can you treat cutaneous reactive histiocytosis?
cyclosporine
