Approach to a Dermatological Patient

Question 1

what is erythema?

Answer 1

vasodilation: red blood cells are inside of vessels

Question 2

what is a papule?

Answer 2

small solid palpable elevation of skin up to 1 cm in diameter
primary lesion

Question 3

what is the most common disease that causes papules?

Answer 3

pyoderma

Question 4

what is a plaque?

Answer 4

large, flat-top elevation formed by coalition and fusing of papules
primary lesion

Question 4

what are the types of pustules?

Answer 4

intraepidermal
subepidermal
follicular or non-follicular

Question 5

what is a nodule?

Answer 5

firm, palpable elevation of the skin larger than 1cm in diameter
usually deeply located
massive accumulation of inflammatory or neoplastic cells

Question 6

what are some causes of self-induced alopecia?

Answer 6

parasites
allergies
both cause pruritus

Question 7

what are the primary causes of comedones?

Answer 7

feline acne
endocrine diseases
schnauzer comedo syndrome

Question 8

what is crust?

Answer 8

scales with some fluid +/- inflammatory cells

Question 9

what is an erosion?

Answer 9

epidermal defect

Question 10

what is epidermal collarette secondary to if it is secondary?

Answer 10

pustules

Question 11

what things can be seen with pruritus?

Answer 11

erythema
excoriations
self-induced alopecia

Question 12

what is a macule/patch?

Answer 12

focal circumscribed nonpalpable spot of changing skin color
primary lesion

Question 13

what can cause a papule?

Answer 13

accumulation of inflammatory cells
focal hyperplasia
early neoplasia

Question 14

what diseases can cause papules?

Answer 14

pyoderma
scabies
flea allergy dermatitis
demodicosis
mossquito bite hypersensitivity

Question 15

what can cause plaques?

Answer 15

pyoderma
eosinophilic plaque
kerion- dermatophytosis
flea allergy dermatitis
mosquito bite hypersensitivity

Question 16

what is a pustule?

Answer 16

small circumscribed elevation filled with pus
primary lesion

Question 17

what are the causes of pustules?

Answer 17

pyoderma
pemphigus foliaceus

Question 18

what is a vesicle?

Answer 18

small circumscribed elevation filled with clear fluid
primary lesion
bullae are deeper

Question 19

what causes vesicles/bullae?

Answer 19

burns
immune-mediated dermatitis
viral skin diseases
mucinosis- shar peis

Question 20

what is a wheal?

Answer 20

well-circumscribes raised flat intercellular edema which appears and disappears in hours
primary lesion

Question 21

what can cause spontaneous focal/multifocal alopecia?

Answer 21

pyoderma
demodicosis
dermatophytosis

Question 22

what are some primary or secondary lesions?

Answer 22

erythema
scales and follicular casts
comedones
leukoderma and leukotrichia
hyperpigmentation
crust
erosion and ulcer
epidermal collarette

Question 23

what are some secondary lesions?

Answer 23

scar and excoriation
lichenification
draining tract

Question 24

what are the primary causes of comedones?

Answer 24

feline acne
endocrine diseases
schnauzer comedo syndrome

Question 25

what are some primary causes of leukoderma and leukotrichia?

Answer 25

vitiligo
cutaneous lupus
alopecia areata
uveodermatologic syndrome

Question 26

what is the primary cause of hyperpigmentation?

Answer 26

lentigo

Question 27

when are epidermal collarettes primary?

Answer 27

superficial exfoliative pyoderma