Approach to a Dermatological Patient Flashcards
what is erythema?
vasodilation: red blood cells are inside of vessels
what is a papule?
small solid palpable elevation of skin up to 1 cm in diameter
primary lesion
what is the most common disease that causes papules?
pyoderma
what is a plaque?
large, flat-top elevation formed by coalition and fusing of papules
primary lesion
what are the types of pustules?
intraepidermal
subepidermal
follicular or non-follicular
what is a nodule?
firm, palpable elevation of the skin larger than 1cm in diameter
usually deeply located
massive accumulation of inflammatory or neoplastic cells
what are some causes of self-induced alopecia?
parasites
allergies
both cause pruritus
what are the primary causes of comedones?
feline acne
endocrine diseases
schnauzer comedo syndrome
what is crust?
scales with some fluid +/- inflammatory cells
what is an erosion?
epidermal defect
what is epidermal collarette secondary to if it is secondary?
pustules
what things can be seen with pruritus?
erythema
excoriations
self-induced alopecia
what is a macule/patch?
focal circumscribed nonpalpable spot of changing skin color
primary lesion
what can cause a papule?
accumulation of inflammatory cells
focal hyperplasia
early neoplasia
what diseases can cause papules?
pyoderma
scabies
flea allergy dermatitis
demodicosis
mossquito bite hypersensitivity
what can cause plaques?
pyoderma
eosinophilic plaque
kerion- dermatophytosis
flea allergy dermatitis
mosquito bite hypersensitivity
what is a pustule?
small circumscribed elevation filled with pus
primary lesion
what are the causes of pustules?
pyoderma
pemphigus foliaceus
what is a vesicle?
small circumscribed elevation filled with clear fluid
primary lesion
bullae are deeper
what causes vesicles/bullae?
burns
immune-mediated dermatitis
viral skin diseases
mucinosis- shar peis
what is a wheal?
well-circumscribes raised flat intercellular edema which appears and disappears in hours
primary lesion
what can cause spontaneous focal/multifocal alopecia?
pyoderma
demodicosis
dermatophytosis
what are some primary or secondary lesions?
erythema
scales and follicular casts
comedones
leukoderma and leukotrichia
hyperpigmentation
crust
erosion and ulcer
epidermal collarette
what are some secondary lesions?
scar and excoriation
lichenification
draining tract
what are the primary causes of comedones?
feline acne
endocrine diseases
schnauzer comedo syndrome
what are some primary causes of leukoderma and leukotrichia?
vitiligo
cutaneous lupus
alopecia areata
uveodermatologic syndrome
what is the primary cause of hyperpigmentation?
lentigo
when are epidermal collarettes primary?
superficial exfoliative pyoderma
