Allergic Skin Diseases

Question 1

what is flea allergy dermatitis?

Answer 1

allergic reaction triggered by flea bites

Question 2

what is the most common flea in dogs and cats?

Answer 2

Ctenocephalides felis felis

Question 3

where are lesions seen with flea allergy dermatitis in dogs?

Answer 3

dorsolumbar or caudal 1/2 of body and neck

Question 4

when are spot on (topical solutions) for flea treatments not effective?

Answer 4

if frequent bathing

Question 5

what are the isoxazolines?

Answer 5

fluralaner
afoxolaner
sarolaner
lotilaner
adulticidal for fleas

Question 6

what is canine atopic dermatitis?

Answer 6

hereditary, generally pruritic and predominantly T-cell driven inflammatory skin disease involving and interplay between skin barrier abnormalities, allergen sensitization, and microbial dysbiosis

Question 7

what is oclacitinib?

Answer 7

nonselective janus kinase inhibitor

Question 8

what do janus kinases play a central roll in?

Answer 8

signaling of many pro-inflammatory cytokines

Question 9

what intracellular proteins do janus kinases active?

Answer 9

signal transducer and activator of transcription
induce gene transcription and biological responses

Question 10

which dogs should not be given oclacitinib?

Answer 10

<1 year of age
if have infections
if have neoplasia

Question 11

what is monoclonal Ab anti-canine IL-31-cytopoint?

Answer 11

caninized monoclonal antibody against dog IL-31

Question 12

what is monoclonal antibody against IL-31 cytopoint effective against?

Answer 12

reducing pruritus in 80% of dogs with allergic dermatitis

Question 13

do antihistamines help with atopic dermatitis?

Answer 13

little or no benefit

Question 14

what is the hallmark of allergic skin diseases?

Answer 14

pruritus

Question 15

what are the most common allergic skin diseases?

Answer 15

flea allergy dermatitis
food allergy
canine atopic dermatitis/feline atopic syndrome

Question 16

what is the major allergen in flea allergy dermatitis?

Answer 16

18kD protein isolated

Question 17

what lesions are seen with flea allergy dermatitis?

Answer 17

papules, scaling, crusts
due to chronic trauma: excoriations, alopecia, lichenification

Question 18

do not allergic dogs harbor fleas without pruritus?

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

how sensitive is a flea comb?

Answer 19

not very sensitive

Question 20

how is flea control implemented?

Answer 20

all animals must be treated year round
clean environment too

Question 21

what is luferunon?

Answer 21

insect development inhibitor
injectable or oral

Question 22

what type of immune reaction is food allergy dermatitis?

Answer 22

mixed IgE-mediated and non-IgE mediated

Question 23

what are the food allergens?

Answer 23

glycoproteins

Question 24

how can you distinguish between atopic dermatitis and food allergy dermatitis?

Answer 24

elimination and provocation diet trial

Question 25

what are the current most common food allergens?

Answer 25

beef
dairy products
chicken
wheat
lamb

Question 26

how long does the elimination phase and the provocation phase of a diet trial last?

Answer 26

elimination: 6-8 weeks
provocation: 1-2 weeks

Question 27

what is the most common allergen penetration route with canine atopic dermatitis?

Answer 27

percutaneous

Question 28

what is the immune response in canine atopic dermatitis?

Answer 28

multipolar: Th2, 1, 22, 17 activation
T-cell driven

Question 29

what does skin barrier dysfunction lead to?

Answer 29

increased water loss
enhanced allergen penetration and increased susceptibility to infections

Question 30

when is canine atopic dermatitis usually seen?

Answer 30

<3 years of age

Question 31

how is atopic dermatitis diagnosed?

Answer 31

diagnosis of exclusion
rule out other pruritic diseases: sscabies, food, pyoderma, Malassezia

Question 32

what do janus kinases play a central role in?

Answer 32

signaling or many pro-inflammatory cytokines

Question 33

how quickly does oclacitinib/apoquel work?

Answer 33

stops itch in 4-6 hours

Question 34

how quickly does monoclonal antibody against IL-31 cytopoint work an for how long?

Answer 34

1-3 days
1-2 months

Question 35

who can monoclonal antibody against canine IL-31 cytopoint be given to?

Answer 35

any dog
all ages
any concurrent disease

Question 36

what is the success rate of allergen specific immune therapy?

Answer 36

60-65%
results after 6-12 months of therapy

Question 37

are there standardized, validated protocols for allergen specific immune therapy?

Answer 37

no

Question 38

what are the side effects of cyclosporine?

Answer 38

vomiting
diarrhea
anorexia

Question 39

can cyclosporine be used safely long-term?

Answer 39

yes

Question 40

what is feline atopic syndrome?

Answer 40

pruritic and chronic inflammatory skin disease
multifactorial heterogenous disease with complex pathogenesis
percutaneous allergen route usually

Question 41

what are the cutaneous reaction patterns in feline atopic syndrome?

Answer 41

miliary dermatitis
self-induced alopecia
face, head, neck pruritus
eosinophilic granuloma complex

Question 42

where are eosinophilic granulomas seen in eosinophilic granuloma complex?

Answer 42

chin
oral cavity
footpad
skin

Question 43

what drugs can you give for feline atopic syndrome?

Answer 43

cyclosporine
oclacitinib/apoquel off label

Question 44

can you give pyrethroids/pyrethrins and lokivetmab/cytopoint to cats?

Answer 44

no- pyrethroids/pyrethrins can be toxic, cytopoint only for dogs