Allergic Skin Diseases Flashcards
what is flea allergy dermatitis?
allergic reaction triggered by flea bites
what is the most common flea in dogs and cats?
Ctenocephalides felis felis
where are lesions seen with flea allergy dermatitis in dogs?
dorsolumbar or caudal 1/2 of body and neck
when are spot on (topical solutions) for flea treatments not effective?
if frequent bathing
what are the isoxazolines?
fluralaner
afoxolaner
sarolaner
lotilaner
adulticidal for fleas
what is canine atopic dermatitis?
hereditary, generally pruritic and predominantly T-cell driven inflammatory skin disease involving and interplay between skin barrier abnormalities, allergen sensitization, and microbial dysbiosis
what is oclacitinib?
nonselective janus kinase inhibitor
what do janus kinases play a central roll in?
signaling of many pro-inflammatory cytokines
what intracellular proteins do janus kinases active?
signal transducer and activator of transcription
induce gene transcription and biological responses
which dogs should not be given oclacitinib?
<1 year of age
if have infections
if have neoplasia
what is monoclonal Ab anti-canine IL-31-cytopoint?
caninized monoclonal antibody against dog IL-31
what is monoclonal antibody against IL-31 cytopoint effective against?
reducing pruritus in 80% of dogs with allergic dermatitis
do antihistamines help with atopic dermatitis?
little or no benefit
what is the hallmark of allergic skin diseases?
pruritus
what are the most common allergic skin diseases?
flea allergy dermatitis
food allergy
canine atopic dermatitis/feline atopic syndrome
what is the major allergen in flea allergy dermatitis?
18kD protein isolated
what lesions are seen with flea allergy dermatitis?
papules, scaling, crusts
due to chronic trauma: excoriations, alopecia, lichenification
do not allergic dogs harbor fleas without pruritus?
yes
how sensitive is a flea comb?
not very sensitive
how is flea control implemented?
all animals must be treated year round
clean environment too
what is luferunon?
insect development inhibitor
injectable or oral
what type of immune reaction is food allergy dermatitis?
mixed IgE-mediated and non-IgE mediated
what are the food allergens?
glycoproteins
how can you distinguish between atopic dermatitis and food allergy dermatitis?
elimination and provocation diet trial
what are the current most common food allergens?
beef
dairy products
chicken
wheat
lamb
how long does the elimination phase and the provocation phase of a diet trial last?
elimination: 6-8 weeks
provocation: 1-2 weeks
what is the most common allergen penetration route with canine atopic dermatitis?
percutaneous
what is the immune response in canine atopic dermatitis?
multipolar: Th2, 1, 22, 17 activation
T-cell driven
what does skin barrier dysfunction lead to?
increased water loss
enhanced allergen penetration and increased susceptibility to infections
when is canine atopic dermatitis usually seen?
<3 years of age
how is atopic dermatitis diagnosed?
diagnosis of exclusion
rule out other pruritic diseases: sscabies, food, pyoderma, Malassezia
what do janus kinases play a central role in?
signaling or many pro-inflammatory cytokines
how quickly does oclacitinib/apoquel work?
stops itch in 4-6 hours
how quickly does monoclonal antibody against IL-31 cytopoint work an for how long?
1-3 days
1-2 months
who can monoclonal antibody against canine IL-31 cytopoint be given to?
any dog
all ages
any concurrent disease
what is the success rate of allergen specific immune therapy?
60-65%
results after 6-12 months of therapy
are there standardized, validated protocols for allergen specific immune therapy?
no
what are the side effects of cyclosporine?
vomiting
diarrhea
anorexia
can cyclosporine be used safely long-term?
yes
what is feline atopic syndrome?
pruritic and chronic inflammatory skin disease
multifactorial heterogenous disease with complex pathogenesis
percutaneous allergen route usually
what are the cutaneous reaction patterns in feline atopic syndrome?
miliary dermatitis
self-induced alopecia
face, head, neck pruritus
eosinophilic granuloma complex
where are eosinophilic granulomas seen in eosinophilic granuloma complex?
chin
oral cavity
footpad
skin
what drugs can you give for feline atopic syndrome?
cyclosporine
oclacitinib/apoquel off label
can you give pyrethroids/pyrethrins and lokivetmab/cytopoint to cats?
no- pyrethroids/pyrethrins can be toxic, cytopoint only for dogs
