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Clinical Dermatology > Bacterial and Fungal Skin Diseases > Flashcards

Bacterial and Fungal Skin Diseases Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

which bacteria can cause superficial lesions?

A

S. pseudintermedius
S. aureus
S. schleiferi

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2
Q

what are the main primary lesions that indicate pyoderma?

A

pustules
abscesses
epidermal collarettes

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3
Q

does presence of bacteria on the skin mean pyoderma?

A

no

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4
Q

can a positive skin culture diagnose pyoderma?

A

no

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5
Q

when is culture and sensitivity mandatory?

A

if you see rods in cytology
pyoderma does not respond to antibiotics
patient’s history is suggestive of resistant infection
deep pyoderma

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6
Q

what is the best treatment option for superficial pyoderma?

A

only topical

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7
Q

what is benzoyl peroxide?

A

potent antibacterial and mild antifungal

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8
Q

which antibiotics are the first line for pyoderma?

A

first generation cephalosporins: cephalexin
amoxicillin-clavulanate
clindamycin

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9
Q

how long should you teat with antibiotics for superficial pyoderma?

A

2-4 weeks

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10
Q

what does treatment success of pyoderma depend on?

A

underlying conditional control: most important
appropriate antibiotic or topicals
dose
duration

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11
Q

if you diagnose pyoderma, and there are no signs of underlying disease present, what should you do?

A

treat pyoderma and wait for other signs

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12
Q

what diseases should you consider if there are no signs of underlying disease in an animal with pyoderma?

A

flea allergy
hypothyroidism
seasonal allergies
demodicosis
subclinical allergies

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13
Q

what does impetigo look like?

A

superficial non-pruritic pustules on ventral abdomen

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14
Q

who is bacterial folliculitis common in?

A

short coated breeds

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15
Q

what is bacterial folliculitis most commonly secondary to?

A

demodicosis
allergies

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16
Q

what is exfoliative pyoderma associated with?

A

exfoliative toxins

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17
Q

what are lesions with furunculosis?

A

nodules
abscesses
plaques
draining tracts

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18
Q

what should you check for with podofurunculosis?

A

demodicosis

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19
Q

what is the most effective anti-inflammatory for podofurunculosis?

A

cyclosporine- modified

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20
Q

what is german shepherd pyoderma believed to be?

A

immune-mediated condition
hypersensitive inflammatory response toward minimal bacterial infection

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21
Q

if acute moist dermatitis/pyotraumatic dermatitis is on the cheeks or neck, what is it most likely from?

A

otitis

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22
Q

in which animals should you suspect dermatophytosis?

A

outdoor cat
recently acquired kitten/cat/puppy from shelter/street

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23
Q

what are the clinical signs of dermatophytosis?

A

focal spontaneous alopecia/scaling
no pruritus usually
more commonly face, ears, legs
can be generalized
long-haired may not have alopecia
kerion dogs

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24
Q

how can you diagnose dermatophytosis?

A

wood’s lamp
direct microscopy of skin scrapings/trichoscopy
tape cytology
cytology
culture
dermoscopy
PCR
skin biopsy
none can rule out 100%

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25
Q

what is a positive wood’s lamp test?

A

apple green fluorescence of hair shafts

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26
Q

is dermatophytosis self-limiting?

A

in immunocompetent animals

27
Q

what are the topical treatments of dermatophytosis?

A

azoles: enilconazole, miconazole, ketoconazole
miconazole and chlorehexidine: synergism
lime sulfur

28
Q

what is Malassezia?

A

commensal fungi
yeasts

29
Q

what is the most common Malassezia in dogs and cats?

A

Malassezia pachydermatis

30
Q

what are the common clinical signs of Malassezia?

A

brown discoloration
lichenification and hyperpigmentation
odor
greasy skin
pruritus

31
Q

how can Malassezia be treated topically?

A

acetic acid
topical azoles
lime sulfur
chlorhexidine

32
Q

what are the best options for systemic treatment of Malassezia dermatitis?

A

itraconazole
ketoconazole
posaconazole

33
Q

how long should you treat for Malassezia dermatitis?

A

2-4 weeks

34
Q

which bacteria can cause both superficial and deep bacterial infections?

A

S. pseudintermedius
S. aureus
S. schleiferi

35
Q

what secondary lesions go with pyoderma?

A

crusts
epidermal collarettes
multifocal spontaneous alopecia
draining tracts
erosions
ulcers

36
Q

how can you diagnose pyoderma?

A

pyoderma lesions
cytology: neutrophils and bacteria

37
Q

how can you treat deep pyoderma?

A

topical and systemic
systemic
4+ weeks

38
Q

which topical pyoderma treatment does not penetrate well and postpones wound healing?

A

silver sulfadiazine cream

39
Q

what are the second line antibiotics for pyoderma?

A

fluoroquinolones
doxycycline or minocycline
trimethoprim- and ormetoprim-potentiated sulfonamides

40
Q

in who is impetigo common?

A

young puppies

41
Q

how can you treat impetigo?

A

no systemic
topical treatment with improved hygiene is curative

42
Q

what are the primary lesions in bacterial folliculitis?

A

papules and pustules
may be difficult to appreciate, confused with urticaria

43
Q

what are the lesions with exfoliative pyoderma?

A

epidermal collarettes with or without spontaneous alopecia

44
Q

what is podofurunculosis commonly associated with?

A

positional pododermatitis

45
Q

what is positioning pododermatitis likely exacerbated by in short-coated breeds?

A

traumatic furunculosis

46
Q

what is german shepherd pyoderma characterized by?

A

recurrent fast developing deep painful pyoderma/furunculosis

47
Q

what is the most common pathogen of german shepherd pyoderma?

A

S. pseudintermedius

48
Q

how can you treat acute moist dermatitis/hot spot/pyotraumatic dermatitis?

A

steroidss/apoquel for short time in superficial
antibacterial treatment

49
Q

how is intertrigo/skin fold dermatitis treated?

A

mostly topically
may require oral antibiotics
may require surgical intervention

50
Q

what are the causes of superficial fungal skin diseases?

A

dermatophytosis
malassezia dermatitis

51
Q

what causes dermatophytosis?

A

Microsporum
Trichopyton
Epidermphyton
tropic to skin and hair keratin

52
Q

what percentage of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats is Microsporum canis?

A

90%

53
Q

is Microsporum canis a normal skin inhabitant?

A

no

54
Q

where do dermatophytes form macroconidium?

A

only on medium
not in tissue

55
Q

which animals are predisposed to dermatophytosis?

A

persian cats
yorkshire terriers
young or immuncompromised

56
Q

why do we treat dermatophytosis?

A

shorten disease period
reduce risk of persistent or progressing infection
reduce risk of other pets/animals infection
reduce risk of people infection

57
Q

what are some systemic antifungals?

A

itraconazole
terbinafine
fluconazole
ketoconazole
griseofulvin
lufenuron

58
Q

what immune response do dermatophytes cause?

A

cellular and humoral immune response

59
Q

what do Malassezia colonize?

A

epidermal surface

60
Q

what are the virulence factors of Malassezia?

A

trypsin-sensitive proteins or glycoproteins
proteases, lipoxygenases
biofilm formation
lipase
phospholipasse

61
Q

what areas are commonly affected by Malassezia?

A

ears
lip folds
interdigital areas and nailbeds
ventral neck
perianal area
chin
axillae groin

62
Q

how can you diagnose Malassezia?

A

not culture
cytology: tape, impression, scraping, nailbed sampling

63
Q

is Malassezia dermatitis always secondary?

A

yes

Clinical Dermatology (16 decks)

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